December boasts a fascinating array of birthstones, offering a spectrum of color and lore. While traditionally associated with the vibrant blue of Zircon and, more recently, Tanzanite, the month also acknowledges a connection to Turquoise and other gems depending on astrological and historical interpretations. This article will delve into the characteristics, history, and significance of these December birthstones, drawing upon available information to provide a comprehensive overview for enthusiasts and those seeking to understand the enduring appeal of these captivating gems.
A Historical Perspective on December’s Stones
The concept of birthstones has evolved over centuries. Early associations were often linked to the Zodiac and planetary influences, with different stones assigned to each sign. As outlined in available sources, the practice of linking specific gems to birth months gained prominence more recently, with standardization occurring in the 20th century. Zircon, with its long history of use, held a prominent position as a December birthstone for a considerable period. However, the discovery and subsequent promotion of Tanzanite in the late 20th century led to its acceptance as a modern alternative, and in 2002, it was officially added as a December birthstone. The inclusion of Tanzanite was largely driven by a successful marketing campaign spearheaded by Tiffany & Co., recognizing the gem’s unique beauty and international appeal.
Zircon: A Brilliant and Versatile Gem
Zircon is known for its exceptional brilliance and availability in a wide range of colors, including red, orange, brown, yellow, green, and blue. Historically, it has been a valued gemstone, though often confused with cubic zirconia, a synthetic diamond simulant. Zircon possesses a hardness ranging from six to seven and a half on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for everyday jewelry with proper care. It is frequently heat-treated to enhance or alter its color, a common practice in the gem trade.
Primary sources of Zircon production are located in Sri Lanka and Australia. The gem’s versatility allows it to be incorporated into various jewelry designs, though caution is advised due to its relative softness compared to harder stones like diamonds or rubies.
Tanzanite: A Recent Discovery with a Captivating Hue
Tanzanite, a relatively recent addition to the birthstone family, derives its name from its origin in Tanzania, where it was first discovered. Its introduction to the market was significantly influenced by Tiffany & Co., who recognized its potential and launched a substantial advertising campaign in 1968. This gem is celebrated for its high clarity and vivid colors, particularly its deep blues.
Crucially, Tanzanite is mined commercially from only one location on Earth: the Merelani Hills in Tanzania. This limited source contributes to its exclusivity and value. With a hardness of six to seven on the Mohs scale, Tanzanite is best suited for earrings or pendants, as rings and bracelets are more prone to wear and tear. It exhibits resistance to heat, light, and common chemicals, aiding in its durability. Tanzanite is also a popular choice for a 24th wedding anniversary gift.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
The following table summarizes key gemological properties of Zircon and Tanzanite, based on the provided sources:
| Property | Zircon | Tanzanite |
|---|---|---|
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6 - 7.5 | 6 - 7 |
| Color | Red, Orange, Brown, Yellow, Green, Blue | Deep Blue |
| Sources | Sri Lanka, Australia | Tanzania |
| Treatment | Heat Treatment | Often Heat Treated |
| Best Use | All Jewelry (with care) | Earrings, Pendants |
Symbolism and Associated Beliefs
While the sources do not provide extensive details on the metaphysical properties of these stones, they do highlight their association with positive attributes. Birthstones, in general, are believed to bestow good fortune and strengthen fortitude upon those born in their corresponding month. Zircon and Tanzanite, with their captivating colors, are considered attractive and associated with purity. Historically, Peridot, another gem mentioned in relation to December, was used as a protective talisman. Spinel, also referenced, was believed to cure blood loss and inflammatory diseases and promote harmony.
Beyond the Traditional: Alternative December Stones
The provided sources also touch upon alternative birthstones for December, including Turquoise and Onyx. Turquoise, a vibrant blue stone, is linked to the Aquarius zodiac sign and is believed to offer protection from negativity. Onyx, a black stone, is associated with Capricorn and symbolizes strength and resilience. These alternative stones demonstrate the historical fluidity of birthstone assignments and the influence of astrological beliefs.
Zodiac and Planetary Connections
Ancient astrologers assigned gemstones to planets, believing they reflected celestial energies. This tradition led to the association of specific stones with zodiac signs, with some overlap between zodiac and traditional birthstone assignments. For example, the sources indicate that red jasper is associated with Aries, rose quartz with Taurus, and tiger’s eye with Gemini. While these zodiac stones are often semi-precious, traditional birthstones can include precious gems like diamonds and sapphires.
Care and Cleaning Considerations
Given their hardness ratings, both Zircon and Tanzanite require careful handling. Zircon, while relatively durable, can be susceptible to scratching and chipping. Tanzanite, with its perfect cleavage, is particularly vulnerable to damage from sharp blows. Both gems can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, as these can damage the stones. Regular inspection of jewelry settings is recommended to ensure the stones are securely mounted.
A Note on Color and Quality
The color of both Zircon and Tanzanite significantly impacts their value. For Zircon, vibrant and saturated colors are highly prized. For Tanzanite, the most valuable hues are deep, vivid blues and violet-blues. Clarity also plays a crucial role, with stones exhibiting fewer inclusions commanding higher prices.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – Zircon and Tanzanite – represent a captivating blend of tradition and modernity. Zircon, with its long history and versatile colors, remains a popular choice, while Tanzanite, a more recent discovery, has quickly gained recognition for its exceptional beauty and rarity. Understanding the geological origins, gemological properties, and historical significance of these stones enhances their appeal and allows for a more informed appreciation of their enduring allure. The inclusion of alternative stones like Turquoise and Onyx further enriches the tapestry of December’s birthstone offerings, providing a diverse range of options for those seeking a meaningful and beautiful gem.