Alexandrite stands as a particularly captivating gemstone, recognized as one of the three birthstones for June, alongside pearl and moonstone. Its most remarkable characteristic is its ability to change color under different lighting conditions, a phenomenon that has contributed to its rich history, enduring symbolism, and continued desirability. This article will explore the geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and cultural associations of alexandrite, drawing solely from available sources.
History and Lore
The story of alexandrite is inextricably linked to Russia and the reign of Czar Alexander II. Discovered in the Ural Mountains in 1830, the gemstone was quickly named in honor of the then-heir apparent to the throne. The timing of this discovery proved particularly auspicious, as alexandrite exhibits a unique color shift – displaying a vivid green to bluish-green in daylight and an intense red to purplish-red under incandescent light. These colors mirrored the national military colors of imperial Russia, red and green, further cementing the gem’s place in the nation’s esteem.
The addition of alexandrite as a June birthstone occurred later, in the 1950s, driven by a need for more distinctive options alongside pearl and moonstone. While pearls became more accessible through cultivation and moonstone offered an affordable alternative, natural alexandrite remained exceptionally rare and costly. This scarcity continues to contribute to its allure. Its historical connection to royalty and its unique optical properties have established alexandrite as a gem embodying both historical and contemporary elegance.
Geological Formation and Sources
Alexandrite is a variety of the mineral chrysoberyl, formed within the Earth’s crust. The most highly regarded alexandrite historically originated from the Ural Mountains of Russia. Stones from this region were known for their exceptional quality, large carat size, and aesthetic beauty. However, sources offer no current information on continued mining operations in the Ural Mountains.
While the original Russian deposits were significant, alexandrite is now found in other locations, though these sources often yield smaller stones or material with less pronounced color change. The sources do not specify other mining locations.
Gemological Properties
Alexandrite’s defining characteristic is its color-changing ability, a phenomenon known as the Alexandrite effect. This is due to its absorption of different wavelengths of light under different lighting conditions. The gem’s composition is based on beryllium aluminum oxide (chrysoberyl).
The gem’s hardness is not explicitly stated in the provided sources, but it is noted that certain inclusions can create a chatoyant effect, also known as the cat’s-eye effect, when oriented parallel to each other. This phenomenon is observed in few gems and adds to alexandrite’s fascination.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history and across cultures, alexandrite has been attributed with a variety of symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Traditionally, it is believed to bring good luck, enhance personal charm, and aid in making wise choices. For those born in June, alexandrite symbolizes adaptability and the ability to shine in varying circumstances.
In astrological contexts, alexandrite is associated with both Gemini and Scorpio. For Geminis, it is thought to support clarity of thought and emotional balance, while for Scorpios, it is believed to enhance intuition and deepen spiritual insight. Within Hindu astrology, alexandrite is considered a substitute for emerald and is associated with good fortune, creativity, and heightened awareness.
Beyond these specific associations, alexandrite is generally seen as a stone that promotes inner calm, peace, and emotional stability. Its green hue is linked to a connection with nature and self, fostering self-esteem and a deeper understanding of life. It is also believed to transfer positive energy and relieve stress. Alexandrite is considered a gemstone for the 55th wedding anniversary, representing enduring love and romance.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific guidance on the care and cleaning of alexandrite beyond noting that moonstone, a fellow June birthstone, should not be cleaned with ultrasonic or steam cleaners due to its poor toughness and susceptibility to cracking under high heat. Given the lack of specific information for alexandrite, a cautious approach to cleaning is advisable.
Influence on Fortune and Personality
Alexandrite is believed to bring happiness and increased confidence to its wearer. It is also associated with positive personality traits, including being inspiring, strong, supportive, and motivating. Individuals who resonate with alexandrite are often seen as possessing a blend of reason and romance. The gem is thought to stimulate joy and inner strength, making it more than just a rare jewel but a celestial companion.
Alexandrite and the Expansion of June Birthstones
The designation of June as having three birthstones – pearl, moonstone, and alexandrite – is a relatively modern development. Unlike older birthstone traditions rooted in ancient practices, the expansion of June’s birthstones stemmed from practical considerations. As demand for birthstone jewelry increased in the 20th century, pearl and alexandrite alone could not adequately meet market needs. The addition of moonstone provided a more accessible and affordable option for a wider audience.
Conclusion
Alexandrite remains a highly prized and sought-after gemstone, distinguished by its remarkable color-changing ability, rich history, and symbolic significance. From its discovery in the Ural Mountains of Russia and its association with royalty to its modern role as a June birthstone and a source of metaphysical power, alexandrite continues to captivate and inspire. Its rarity and unique properties ensure its enduring appeal for gemstone enthusiasts, jewelry buyers, and those seeking a gem with a truly exceptional story.