Tanzanite is a captivating gemstone celebrated as a December birthstone, renowned for its striking blue-violet hues and relatively recent discovery. This article delves into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of tanzanite, offering a comprehensive overview for enthusiasts, buyers, and students of gemology. While December boasts three traditional birthstones – tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon – this article will focus exclusively on the unique characteristics and significance of tanzanite, as detailed in available sources.
History and Lore
Tanzanite is a remarkably young addition to the world of gemstones, first discovered in 1967 in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. The Masai people, local to the region, are credited with the initial discovery, though it was Tiffany & Co. who recognized its potential and gave it its now-famous name. The gem quickly gained popularity, becoming known as “the gemstone of the 20th century.” Its association with new births is also noted, suggesting a symbolic connection to beginnings and potential.
The story of the “Queen of Kilimanjaro,” a 242-carat tanzanite set in a diamond tiara, exemplifies the gem’s luxurious appeal and rarity. This exceptional stone, discovered in Tanzania, is a testament to the gem’s potential for breathtaking beauty and has become a symbol of its regal allure.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite’s origin is geographically unique. It is found exclusively in a small area of Tanzania, Africa, making it a remarkably rare gemstone. The gem forms within a specific geological environment associated with the metamorphic processes near Mount Kilimanjaro. The limited geographic source contributes significantly to its value and desirability.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite is characterized by its vibrant blue to violet color, often exhibiting a mesmerizing color shift – pleochroism – when viewed from different angles. The depth of the purplish-blue hue is a key factor in determining its value, with deeper colors being more prized.
Gemologically, tanzanite is rated between 6 and 7 on the Mohs hardness scale. This places it within a range that requires careful handling, as it is relatively soft and susceptible to scratches. The gem typically presents a round cut when used in jewelry, as seen in bracelets featuring 82 pieces of 1.70mm stones, with a total carat weight varying with bracelet size, often around 2.10 carats. Clarity grades of VVS-VS are commonly found in high-quality tanzanite. Many tanzanites undergo heat treatment to enhance their color, a standard practice that reduces red and yellow tones, resulting in more desirable blue and violet shades.
Here's a summary of Tanzanite's key properties:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6-7 |
| Color | Deep blue to violet, often pleochroic |
| Clarity | VVS-VS common |
| Treatment | Often heat-treated to enhance color |
| Origin | Tanzania, Africa (exclusively) |
| Cut | Round Cut (common in bracelets) |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
While tanzanite’s history is relatively short compared to other gemstones, it has quickly acquired symbolic meaning. It is believed to bring insight and spiritual awakening to its wearer. Although less extensively documented than the lore surrounding turquoise, tanzanite is associated with positive energies and a sense of transformation.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its moderate hardness, tanzanite requires careful handling and maintenance. It is best to avoid wearing tanzanite jewelry during activities that could cause scratches. Cleaning should be performed with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Exposure to sudden temperature changes and ultrasonic jewelry cleaners should be avoided, as these can damage the stone.
Purchasing Tanzanite Jewelry
When acquiring tanzanite jewelry, it is important to inquire about any treatments the stone has undergone. Heat treatment is a common practice to improve color, and understanding this process is crucial for informed purchasing. Considering the gem’s relative softness, selecting secure settings that protect the stone from impact is also advisable.
Conclusion
Tanzanite stands as a remarkable gemstone, distinguished by its captivating color, limited origin, and relatively recent discovery. As a December birthstone, it offers a unique and meaningful choice for those seeking a gem that embodies insight, transformation, and rare beauty. Its growing popularity and the story of exceptional stones like the “Queen of Kilimanjaro” solidify its place as a treasured gem for generations to come.