December boasts a unique distinction among the birthstones – not one, but three official gemstones represent the month: Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Blue Zircon. While Blue Topaz is also frequently cited as an alternative, these three gems hold primary significance for those born in December, each with its own history, lore, and captivating beauty. This article will delve into the characteristics of these December birthstones, exploring their origins, symbolism, and the nuances that make them special.
A Historical Tapestry of December Gems
The history of December birthstones is layered and evolving. Turquoise, with its ancient roots, has been prized for millennia. Blue Zircon and, more recently, Tanzanite, offer more modern additions to the December gemstone family. The association of specific gemstones with months of the year has evolved over time, with origins tracing back to the biblical breastplate of Aaron, which featured twelve stones representing the tribes of Israel. Later, these associations were formalized in various cultures, eventually leading to the modern birthstone lists.
Chalcedony, a micro-crystalline form of quartz, also holds a place in December lore, particularly for those born between December 19th and 21st, as some astrologists believe Sagittarius individuals share virtues with the preceding sign, Scorpio, whose stone is often carnelian. Similarly, Emerald is sometimes suggested for Capricorns born between December 22nd and 24th, due to shared characteristics with the preceding sign, Sagittarius. However, these are less established associations.
Turquoise: A Stone of Protection and Tranquility
Turquoise, a vibrant blue to blue-green gemstone, has a long and storied past. It has been used for adornment and spiritual purposes for thousands of years, with evidence of its use dating back to ancient Egypt, where it was associated with the goddess Hathor, representing love and protection. Turquoise was also highly valued in Persia, where it was used as a signet stone by kings Darius and Artaxerxes, symbolizing monarchy and power.
The name "turquoise" itself originates from the French phrase "pierre turquoise," meaning "Turkish stone," as the gemstone was often traded through Turkey to Europe. It is a secondary birthstone for Sagittarius, alongside Topaz and Spinel. The color of turquoise can vary depending on the presence of other minerals, ranging from sky blue to greenish-blue.
Tanzanite: A Modern Marvel from Tanzania
Tanzanite is the newest addition to the December birthstone family, discovered in Tanzania in 1967. Initially named "Blue Zoisite," it was later renamed Tanzanite in honor of its country of origin. This gemstone is renowned for its striking blue-violet color, a result of its unique chemical composition and pleochroism – the ability to display different colors when viewed from different angles. Tanzanite exhibits shades of blue, violet, and even red depending on the viewing angle and lighting conditions.
Tanzanite’s brilliance and rarity have quickly made it a highly sought-after gemstone, symbolizing wisdom, peace, and inner strength. Its discovery is relatively recent, adding to its allure and making it a unique choice for December birthdays.
Blue Zircon: A Historical Sapphire Imposter
Blue Zircon, often mistaken for sapphire in ancient times, is another captivating December birthstone. In ancient Persia, a blue variety of chalcedony called sapphirine was often confused with sapphire, and similarly, blue zircon was sometimes used as a substitute. Zircon is a silicate mineral that comes in a variety of colors, but the blue variety is particularly prized as a December birthstone.
The gemstone’s brilliance and fire make it a stunning choice for jewelry. It is important to note that zircon should not be confused with cubic zirconia, a synthetic diamond simulant. Blue Zircon is a natural gemstone with its own unique properties and beauty.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
While each December birthstone possesses unique characteristics, understanding their gemological properties provides a deeper appreciation for their individual qualities.
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Color(s) | Hardness (Mohs) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O | Blue to Blue-Green | 5-6 |
| Tanzanite | Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH) | Blue-Violet | 6.5-7 |
| Blue Zircon | ZrSiO4 | Blue | 6.5-7.5 |
Turquoise, being relatively soft, requires careful handling and is often treated to enhance its color and durability. Tanzanite and Blue Zircon are more durable, making them suitable for a wider range of jewelry settings. The pleochroism of Tanzanite is a notable gemological feature, while Zircon’s high refractive index contributes to its brilliance.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of these December birthstones carries its own set of symbolic meanings and metaphysical beliefs. Turquoise is often associated with protection, healing, and good fortune. It is believed to promote tranquility and enhance communication. Tanzanite is linked to wisdom, intuition, and spiritual growth. It is said to help connect with higher consciousness and promote inner peace. Blue Zircon is believed to enhance clarity, promote emotional balance, and inspire creativity.
Beyond these general associations, some traditions link gemstones to specific days of the week. For example, wearing turquoise on Wednesday is believed to offer protection from negativity, while wearing emerald on Friday is thought to bring love and excitement.
Birthstones by Day of the Month
Interestingly, the birthstone assigned can also vary by the day of the month within December.
- December 4th: Blue Topaz
- December 5th: Tanzanite
- December 6th: Turquoise
- December 7th: Blue Zircon
- December 8th: Blue Topaz
- December 9th: Tanzanite
- December 10th: Turquoise
- December 11th: Blue Zircon
- December 12th: Blue Topaz
- December 13th: Tanzanite
- December 14th: Turquoise
- December 15th: Blue Zircon
- December 16th: Blue Topaz
- December 17th: Tanzanite
- December 18th: Turquoise
- December 19th: Blue Zircon
- December 20th: Blue Topaz
- December 21st: Tanzanite
- December 22nd: Turquoise
- December 23rd: Blue Zircon
- December 24th: Blue Topaz
- December 25th: Tanzanite
- December 26th: Turquoise
- December 27th: Blue Zircon
- December 28th: Blue Topaz
- December 29th: Tanzanite
- December 30th: Turquoise
- December 31st: Blue Zircon
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of these December birthstones. Turquoise, being relatively soft, should be protected from scratches and harsh chemicals. Cleaning can be done with a soft cloth and mild soapy water. Tanzanite and Blue Zircon are more durable but should still be handled with care. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, as they can damage the gemstones. Regular cleaning with a soft brush and mild soapy water will help maintain their brilliance.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Blue Zircon – represent a captivating blend of history, beauty, and symbolism. From the ancient allure of Turquoise to the modern brilliance of Tanzanite and the historical significance of Blue Zircon, these gemstones offer a diverse range of choices for those born in the final month of the year. Each stone carries its own unique energy and meaning, making them cherished symbols of December birthdays and treasured additions to any gemstone collection.