The ruby, a gemstone celebrated for its vibrant red hue, holds a prominent position as the birthstone for July. Revered throughout history for its beauty and perceived mystical properties, the ruby symbolizes passion, protection, and prosperity. This article delves into the rich history, geological origins, gemological characteristics, and cultural significance of this captivating gem, offering insights for enthusiasts, buyers, and those curious about the world of gemstones.
History and Lore
Rubies boast a history steeped in legend and lore, dating back to ancient civilizations. In Sanskrit, the ruby is known as ratnaraj, meaning “King of Precious Stones,” a testament to its esteemed status. Ancient cultures attributed various powers to the ruby, believing it could protect warriors in battle and ensure prosperity for kingdoms. In India, it was thought to enable owners to live peacefully even with their enemies. The Burmese took this belief a step further, with warriors inserting rubies into their flesh, believing it would render them invincible.
Throughout Europe, rubies became highly sought after by royalty and the upper classes, worn as a guarantee of health, wealth, wisdom, and success in love. The gem’s deep red color was associated with life force and vitality, making it a symbol of power and courage. Even in more recent times, the ruby continues to capture the imagination, as exemplified by jeweler Harry Winston’s creation of ruby slippers set with 4,600 rubies to commemorate the 50th anniversary of The Wizard of Oz. Stories persist of rubies darkening to warn their owners of impending danger, further adding to their mystique.
Gemological Properties
Rubies are renowned for their exceptional hardness, registering a 9 on the Mohs scale. This durability makes them suitable for everyday wear, though proper care is still essential. The most significant factor influencing a ruby’s value is its color. The finest rubies exhibit a pure, vibrant red or a slightly purplish-red hue. Stones with orangey or overly purplish tones are considered less desirable. The ideal color is vividly saturated, neither too dark nor too light; excessive darkness diminishes brightness, while a pale color can classify the stone as a pink sapphire.
While inclusion-free rubies are exceptionally rare, the presence of inclusions does not necessarily detract from a ruby’s value. In fact, they can sometimes enhance its character. However, the visibility of inclusions is crucial; obvious inclusions or those that reduce transparency or brightness significantly lower a stone’s value and can compromise its durability.
The “4 Cs” – color, clarity, cut, and carat weight – are essential considerations when evaluating a ruby. The cut should be designed to maximize the gem’s brilliance and showcase its natural beauty.
Care and Cleaning
Despite their hardness, rubies require careful maintenance to preserve their brilliance. Regular cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush is recommended. Harsh chemicals should be avoided. For a more thorough cleaning, ultrasonic cleaners can be used. To prevent scratches, rubies should be stored separately from other jewelry, particularly harder gemstones like diamonds.
Notable Rubies
Throughout history, certain rubies have achieved legendary status due to their remarkable size, beauty, and the stories surrounding them. The Liberty Bell Ruby stands out as one of the most notable examples. Discovered in East Africa in the 1950s, this extraordinary gemstone weighs a staggering 8,500 carats and was sculpted into the shape of the Liberty Bell as a tribute to American history. Sadly, the Liberty Bell Ruby was stolen during a jewelry heist in 2011, and its current location remains unknown.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The ruby’s symbolism extends beyond its historical associations with power and protection. Today, rubies continue to represent passion, courage, and good fortune. They are often considered an ideal gift for individuals embarking on new journeys or those seeking strength and positive energy. The gem is deeply connected to concepts of love, vitality, and a zest for life.
Buyer’s Guide
When purchasing a ruby, several factors should be considered. Color is paramount, with vibrant, saturated reds commanding the highest prices. Clarity is also important, but the acceptance of inclusions is common. The cut should enhance the gem’s brilliance, and the carat weight will influence the overall cost. It is advisable to inquire about the ruby’s origin and any treatments it may have undergone. Heat treatment is a standard practice for improving a ruby’s color and clarity, and understanding this process is crucial for assessing the gem’s true value. For significant purchases, obtaining certification from a reputable organization like the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) is highly recommended.
Conclusion
The ruby, July’s birthstone, is a gemstone of enduring allure and profound significance. From its ancient origins as a symbol of power and protection to its modern representation of passion and prosperity, the ruby continues to captivate and inspire. Its rich history, exceptional durability, and vibrant color make it a treasured possession for generations to come. Whether admired for its beauty, appreciated for its symbolism, or sought after as a valuable investment, the ruby remains a true celebration of life’s rich tapestry.