December boasts a remarkable array of birthstones – zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise – each possessing a unique history, aesthetic appeal, and symbolic significance. This abundance offers a diverse selection for those born in the final month of the year, catering to varied tastes and preferences. These gemstones are not merely beautiful adornments; they are deeply connected to cultural narratives and historical traditions, extending back to ancient civilizations.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months dates back to ancient times, though the specific stones assigned have evolved. December’s birthstones have particularly rich histories. Turquoise, for example, has been cherished for millennia, appearing in the adornments of pharaohs in ancient Egypt and in the carvings of Chinese artisans over 3,000 years ago. It was believed to guarantee health and good fortune, and later, from the 13th century onward, to protect against falls and impending disaster. Hindu mystics associated turquoise with wealth after observing the new moon.
Zircon, one of the oldest minerals on Earth, also carries significant historical weight. Both turquoise and zircon have long been considered the primary birthstones for December, their blue hues reflecting the winter season. Topaz, tanzanite, and lapis lazuli joined these traditional stones as modern options, expanding the choices available to December-born individuals. The practice of wearing birthstones isn’t a recent trend, but rather a custom rooted in medieval times. These colored gems were believed to bestow blessings upon the wearer when incorporated into rings, pendants, and other jewelry.
Geological Formation and Sources
The sources for these December birthstones are geographically diverse. Turquoise, as its name suggests, was historically associated with Turkey, though significant deposits are now found in the southwestern United States, particularly in Native American territories where it holds ceremonial importance. Tanzanite is remarkably unique, found in only one location near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. This limited source contributes to its rarity and value.
Zircon is found in a variety of geological settings, being one of the oldest minerals on Earth. Topaz occurs in igneous and metamorphic rocks, and can be found in Brazil, Russia, and other locations. Lapis lazuli, known for its intense blue color, is primarily sourced from Afghanistan, though deposits also exist in other parts of the world. The specific geological processes leading to the formation of each stone vary, reflecting their distinct chemical compositions and crystal structures.
Gemological Properties
December’s birthstones exhibit a wide range of gemological properties. Turquoise is a semi-translucent to opaque gem, ranging in color from blue to green, often displaying matrix – remnants of the host rock – within its structure. Tanzanite is prized for its unique pleochroism, displaying blue, violet, and burgundy hues depending on the viewing angle. It typically occurs in clean crystals.
Zircon displays a brilliant fire and a rainbow of colors, though blue zircon is particularly popular as a December birthstone. Topaz, available in a wide spectrum of colors, is known for its hardness and clarity. Lapis lazuli is characterized by its deep blue color, resulting from the presence of lazurite, and often contains pyrite inclusions, giving it a speckled appearance.
A comparison of hardness, measured on the Mohs scale, highlights the varying durability of these stones:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Turquoise | 5-6 |
| Tanzanite | 6-7 |
| Zircon | 6.5-7.5 |
| Topaz | 8 |
| Lapis Lazuli | 5-6 |
This table demonstrates that topaz is the most durable of the December birthstones, while turquoise and lapis lazuli are relatively softer and require more careful handling.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these gemstones has been attributed with specific meanings and powers. Turquoise has long been associated with friendship, good fortune, health, protection, and peace, making it a thoughtful gift for loved ones. It was believed to ward off negative energy and promote well-being.
Tanzanite, a relatively recent addition to the birthstone list, is associated with transformation, intuition, and spiritual growth. Its unique color is believed to stimulate the mind and enhance psychic abilities. Zircon is celebrated for its ability to promote wisdom, prosperity, and honor. Blue topaz is known for its calming and serene energy, fostering communication and emotional balance. Lapis lazuli, with its deep blue color, has been linked to royalty, wisdom, and truth, and was often used in ancient jewelry and amulets.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of December’s birthstones. Given its lower hardness, turquoise requires gentle cleaning with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners. Tanzanite, while more durable, is susceptible to damage from heat and sudden temperature changes, so it should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush.
Zircon and topaz can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush, but avoid abrasive cleaners. Lapis lazuli, like turquoise, is relatively soft and should be handled with care. Regular cleaning with a soft cloth will help preserve its luster. Due to the porous nature of some of these stones, it is advisable to avoid prolonged exposure to chemicals and perfumes.
Why Multiple Birthstones?
The presence of multiple birthstones for December offers a wider range of choices in terms of color, price, and personal meaning. This allows individuals to select a stone that resonates with their individual preferences and beliefs. The inclusion of both traditional and modern birthstones reflects the evolving nature of gemological traditions and the increasing availability of diverse gemstones. Some sources suggest that the multiple options cater to different tastes and histories, providing a more personalized connection to the birthstone.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise – represent a captivating blend of history, symbolism, and geological wonder. From the ancient civilizations that revered turquoise to the modern discovery of tanzanite, these gemstones have captivated humanity for centuries. Their diverse properties and meanings offer a unique opportunity for self-expression and connection to the natural world. These vibrant gems are more than just beautiful adornments; they are tangible links to the past and symbols of hope for the future.