December boasts a remarkable array of birthstones, offering a spectrum of choices for those born in the final month of the year. Among these captivating gems, Tanzanite stands out for its relatively recent discovery, limited geographical origin, and striking violet-blue coloration. This article delves into the history, geological formation, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of Tanzanite, exploring its significance as a modern December birthstone.
History and Lore
While traditional December birthstones include Turquoise and Zircon, Tanzanite has emerged as a prominent modern alternative. Its story is unique, as it was only discovered in 1967 near the Mererani Hills of northern Tanzania, at the base of Mount Kilimanjaro. This makes it a comparatively recent addition to the world of gemstones, unlike many with histories stretching back millennia. The gem is named after Tanzania, the country where it is exclusively found.
The gem quickly gained popularity, largely due to the marketing efforts of Tiffany & Co., who recognized its beauty and potential. They named it Tanzanite and launched it into the jewelry market, establishing its reputation as a sophisticated and desirable gemstone. Its association with royalty and spirituality, reminiscent of the historical use of Lapis Lazuli, contributes to its allure.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite’s formation is intrinsically linked to the geological activity surrounding Mount Kilimanjaro. It is formed by the presence of calcium and vanadium, and is found in a relatively small mining area – approximately eight square kilometers – making it a remarkably localized gemstone. This limited source contributes to its value and exclusivity. The gem forms within metamorphic rocks, created by intense heat and pressure.
The unique geological conditions required for Tanzanite’s formation are not replicated anywhere else on Earth, solidifying Tanzania as the sole source of this captivating gem. This rarity is a key factor in its desirability and increasing value.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite is a blue to violet-purple variety of the mineral zoisite. It exhibits strong trichroism, meaning it displays three different colors – blue, violet, and burgundy – depending on the viewing angle. This optical phenomenon contributes to its captivating play of color.
The gem typically ranges in color from a light violet-blue to a deep, saturated violet. Heat treatment is commonly used to enhance the blue hues and reduce the brownish tones often present in the rough stone. This treatment is stable and permanent, improving the gem’s overall appearance.
Here’s a summary of Tanzanite’s key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH) |
| Color | Blue, Violet, Purple |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 |
| Specific Gravity | 6.7 - 6.8 |
| Refractive Index | 1.619 - 1.688 |
| Crystal System | Triclinic |
Tanzanite’s hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale means it is relatively durable, but still requires careful handling to avoid scratches and damage.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Tanzanite is often associated with transformation, intuition, and spiritual awareness. It is believed to stimulate the throat chakra, promoting clear communication and self-expression. Some believe it can facilitate a deeper connection to one’s inner wisdom and enhance psychic abilities.
The gem’s violet hues are often linked to royalty, dignity, and enlightenment. Its association with Mount Kilimanjaro, a symbol of strength and resilience, further enhances its symbolic meaning. While these beliefs are not scientifically proven, they contribute to the gem’s appeal and perceived value.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its moderate hardness, Tanzanite requires careful handling and cleaning. It is susceptible to scratches from harder materials and can be cleaved with a sharp blow. Avoid exposing Tanzanite to harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, or steam cleaners, as these can damage the stone.
The recommended cleaning method is to use warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Gently scrub the gem to remove any dirt or grime, then rinse thoroughly with clean water and dry with a soft cloth. It is advisable to remove Tanzanite jewelry before engaging in strenuous activities or when exposed to potential impacts. Regular professional inspection and cleaning can help maintain the gem’s brilliance and longevity.
December Birthstone Variations
December offers a diverse selection of birthstones, including Blue Zircon, Blue Topaz, Turquoise, and Lapis Lazuli, in addition to Tanzanite. The availability of multiple options allows individuals born in December to choose a gem that resonates with their personal preferences and style. Blue Topaz is known for its serene colors, while Turquoise has a long history of being cherished for its protective qualities. Zircon is celebrated for its brilliance and range of colors. The variety ensures that there is a December birthstone to suit every taste and budget.
Tanzanite and the December 17th Connection
While December offers a range of birthstones, Tanzanite is specifically highlighted as a birthstone for December 17th. This association, though not universally standardized, provides a more personalized connection for those born on this date, offering a unique gemological significance.
Conclusion
Tanzanite is a captivating gemstone with a relatively recent history, a unique geological origin, and a mesmerizing violet-blue hue. Its limited source, combined with its desirable color and metaphysical properties, has established it as a highly sought-after gem, particularly as a modern December birthstone. From its discovery in Tanzania to its promotion by Tiffany & Co., Tanzanite’s journey is a testament to the enduring allure of rare and beautiful gemstones. Its careful handling and cleaning are essential to preserve its brilliance and ensure its longevity, allowing future generations to appreciate its captivating beauty.