Peridot, a gem celebrated for its vibrant green hues, holds a prominent place as one of the three recognized birthstones for August, alongside spinel and sardonyx. Throughout history, this gemstone has been prized for its beauty, believed protective qualities, and intriguing origins – sometimes found within meteorites, and other times sourced from the depths of the Earth’s mantle. This article will delve into the history, geological formation, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of peridot, offering a comprehensive overview of this captivating gem.
History and Lore
The story of peridot stretches back millennia. The name “peridot” originates from the Arabic word faridat, meaning “gem.” As early as the second century BCE, peridot was valued and incorporated into priestly jewelry. During the medieval period, it adorned chalices and churches across Europe. Its historical identity is often intertwined with that of other green gems; for centuries, peridot was frequently mistaken for emerald and topaz. The Red Sea island of Topazios, from which the name “topaz” is derived, was, in fact, a significant source of peridot.
Some historians even speculate that the famed emerald collection of Cleopatra may have largely consisted of peridot. The Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany’s Cologne Cathedral features 200 carats of gems once believed to be emeralds, but now identified as peridot. This demonstrates the gem’s long-standing association with royalty and religious significance. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, peridot was also considered a protective talisman, believed to shield its wearer from evil spirits and “terrors of the night.” It is also the traditional gem given to celebrate a 16th wedding anniversary.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is the gem variety of the mineral olivine. Its formation occurs under extreme conditions, often found within the hardened lava that carries it from deep within the Earth’s mantle. Unusually, it can also be discovered in meteorites, representing a truly extraterrestrial origin for some specimens.
While some peridot reaches Earth via meteorites, significant deposits are found in specific geological locations. Historically, the Egyptian island of Zabargad (formerly known as Topazios) was a primary source, with mining potentially beginning as early as 340–279 BCE. This island, despite yielding beautiful peridot, earned ominous nicknames like “Island of Death” and “Ophiodes” (“snake island”) due to its harsh mining conditions. Peridot from Zabargad remains highly prized and can be found in prestigious museum collections.
Today, major sources of peridot include China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Tanzania, Vietnam, and the United States. A 2007 discovery in Tanzania yielded peridot with captivating pinkish and orangy-red hues, adding to the gem’s color variety. A unique location for finding peridot is Peridot Beach in Hawaii, where the sands shimmer with a luminous green color due to the presence of this gem.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is characterized by its yellowish-green to greenish-yellow color. It is a durable gemstone, registering 8 on the Mohs scale of hardness, making it suitable for a variety of jewelry applications, including rings. While typically durable, the presence of fractures within the gem can pose a problem.
Peridot’s chemical formula is not explicitly stated in the provided sources. However, it is identified as the gem variety of the mineral olivine. The sources do not provide information on its refractive index, specific gravity, or other detailed gemological data.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been imbued with symbolic meaning. Red gems, including peridot, were traditionally believed to be a remedy for blood loss and inflammatory diseases. They were also thought to ease anger and promote harmony. In more recent times, peridot is associated with strength, renewal, and inner clarity. It is considered a stone of positivity and renewal, making it a meaningful gift for those born in August.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of peridot requires careful handling. Jewelry should be removed before showering, swimming, or engaging in strenuous exercise. Contact with perfumes, lotions, hairspray, and cleaning products should be avoided, as these substances can damage the gem’s finish.
Peridot should be stored individually in a soft pouch to prevent scratches. Regular cleaning with a soft, dry cloth is recommended to maintain its luster. Warm soapy water is a safe alternative to ultrasonic or steam cleaners, particularly if the gem contains fractures. High heat should be avoided, as it can cause some colors of peridot to fade.
Sources
Conclusion
Peridot, the luminous green birthstone of August, boasts a rich history, fascinating geological origins, and enduring symbolic significance. From its ancient use in priestly jewelry and Cleopatra’s purported collection to its modern association with renewal and positivity, peridot continues to captivate and inspire. Its durability and relatively accessible price point make it a popular choice for jewelry, while its unique story and vibrant color ensure its place as a treasured gemstone for generations to come.