December boasts a remarkable array of birthstones – zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise – offering a diverse selection of color, history, and meaning for those born in the final month of the year. This abundance provides a choice to suit individual preferences and budgets, reflecting a tradition that has evolved over centuries. These gemstones are not merely beautiful adornments; they are imbued with cultural significance and, according to some beliefs, possess metaphysical properties.
History and Lore
The association of gemstones with specific months dates back to ancient times, though the specific stones assigned to each month have varied. The trend of wearing gemstones wasn’t a recent fashion, but its roots are connected to ancient medieval times. Initially, turquoise and zircon were the primary birthstones for December, their cool blue hues mirroring the chill of winter. Turquoise, in particular, has a long and storied history, used in jewelry and ornaments since antiquity. Lapis lazuli, with its deep azure tones, also held a prominent place in ancient civilizations, associated with wisdom and royalty. It was considered a stone of truth and enlightenment, believed to enhance intellectual abilities.
The modern additions of blue topaz and tanzanite expanded the options in 2002, offering further variety. Tanzanite is a relatively recent discovery, found only in a small area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, adding to its exclusivity and allure. These colored gems were believed to be blessed to every human who owned them, worn in rings, pendants, and other jewelry.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these December birthstones are as varied as the stones themselves. Turquoise forms when rainwater or melted snow percolates through copper ore deposits, specifically copper porphyry. The interaction of water with copper sulfides creates an acidic solution that, when combined with aluminum and potassium, precipitates turquoise into cavities within weathered volcanic and sedimentary rock, typically found in arid locations.
Zircon is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, giving it significant geological value. Topaz, a silicate mineral containing aluminum and fluorine, possesses a glass-like shine but is delicate and brittle. Tanzanite’s unique origin in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro, makes it a geographically limited gemstone. Lapis lazuli’s formation is linked to contact metamorphism, while turquoise is formed in arid regions.
Gemological Properties
Each December birthstone possesses distinct gemological properties. Turquoise, with a Mohs hardness of 5 to 6, is a relatively soft gemstone, susceptible to scratching and discoloration from oils and pigments. It is also porous and can change color when it loses water content.
Zircon is celebrated for its brilliant fire and range of colors. Topaz, particularly London Blue Topaz, exhibits a deep sapphire blue hue. It has a certain glitter and beauty that has always attracted people. Tanzanite is prized for its unique blue to violet color.
Here's a comparative overview of hardness based on the Mohs scale:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Turquoise | 5-6 |
| Zircon | 6.5-7.5 |
| Topaz | 8 |
| Tanzanite | 6-7 |
| Lapis Lazuli | 5-6 |
The properties of each stone influence its suitability for different types of jewelry and require specific care to maintain its beauty.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, December birthstones have been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Turquoise is often seen as a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune, instilling a sense of inner calm and fostering creativity. Lapis lazuli is associated with wisdom and royalty, believed to enhance intellectual abilities and stimulate a quest for knowledge.
December birthstones are famous due to their metaphysical properties and color vibrancy, reflecting a brilliance from every corner of the stones. They have been used in engagement rings, wedding bands, and necklaces. Blue Topaz is believed to bring wish and luck to those who wear it. The vibrant colors of these stones are thought to reflect the wearer’s personality and connect them to historical and cultural narratives.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to preserve the beauty of December birthstones. Due to its porosity and relative softness, turquoise requires gentle handling and should be protected from harsh chemicals and prolonged exposure to sunlight. Cleaning can be done with a soft cloth and mild soapy water.
Topaz, while harder, can be cleaved easily, meaning it can split along certain planes. Tanzanite is also relatively soft and requires careful handling. Zircon, known for its brilliance, should be cleaned with mild soap and warm water, avoiding harsh chemicals. Lapis lazuli, like turquoise, is relatively soft and porous, requiring gentle cleaning.
By following these simple care instructions, the beauty and vibrancy of December birthstones can be maintained for years to come.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones—zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise—offer a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each unique for those born in this month. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. When choosing between these gemstones, individuals can select a stone that resonates with their personal preferences and beliefs. Purchasing these gemstones requires careful research and consultation with experts to ensure quality and authenticity. Their unique traits demand thoughtful handling and care to maintain their beauty over time. As fine jewelry, December's birthstones are not only stylish but also connect wearers to historical and cultural narratives, enhancing both their aesthetic appeal and personal meaning.