Peridot, a gemstone celebrated for its vibrant green hue, holds a prominent position as the primary birthstone for August. Revered throughout history and even found in meteorites, this gem possesses a unique allure stemming from its formation deep within the Earth and its association with light, power, and protection. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of peridot, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
The history of peridot stretches back millennia, with evidence of its use dating back to ancient civilizations. Ancient Egyptians held peridot in high esteem, referring to it as “The Gem of the Sun.” They believed it possessed protective qualities, shielding wearers from enchantment. Romans also valued the stone, utilizing it for decorative purposes and associating it with power. During the Middle Ages, peridot was worn for inspiration and foresight.
Throughout the centuries, peridot has been linked to various beliefs regarding health and well-being. It was thought to symbolize strength and healing power, protecting against nightmares and evil, and ensuring harmony and happiness. In Hawaiian tradition, peridot is said to represent the tears of Pele, the volcano goddess of fire, reflecting the gem’s volcanic origins on the islands. Queen Elizabeth I was known to favor sardonyx, a previous birthstone for August, and even gifted a ring of it to the Earl of Essex, though a tragic turn of events prevented the pledge of aid from being fulfilled.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot’s formation is a fascinating geological process. Unlike many gemstones formed in the Earth’s crust, peridot originates in the Earth’s mantle, a region far below the surface. It is brought to the surface through volcanic activity, often found in lava beds. Remarkably, peridot can even be discovered within pallasites, a rare type of meteorite containing peridot crystals embedded in an iron-nickel matrix, and has been found on the Moon, earning it the nickname “The Space Gem.”
Currently, the United States, specifically Arizona, is a leading source of peridot. The San Carlos Apache Indian Reserve in Arizona has been a significant mining location for decades, with Apache families traditionally involved in the extraction of this August birthstone. Historically, peridot has also been sourced from regions in Africa, the Mediterranean, and southern Europe.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is a transparent gemstone belonging to the olivine mineral family. Its defining characteristic is its color, which ranges from yellowish-green to brownish-green, though it is most commonly recognized for its rich green hue. Notably, peridot is unique in often exhibiting only one color – green – and possesses a slightly oily or greasy luster.
While often mistaken for emerald due to its green color, peridot possesses distinct gemological properties. The gem is versatile and can be set into various jewelry pieces, including rings and bracelets, and complements both silver and gold settings.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Peridot is imbued with rich symbolism and metaphysical beliefs. It is considered a stone of influence and power, believed to yield a wearer’s influence and power. Beyond its historical associations with protection and healing, peridot is also linked to a sense of one’s destiny in life, bringing happiness and clarity. Some modern beliefs associate peridot with opening all chakras and inspiring the movement of Kundalini energies, promoting rejuvenation.
Care and Cleaning
Peridot, while a beautiful and durable gemstone, requires careful handling. Similar to emerald, it can fracture with stress or exposure to extreme heat. Therefore, caution should be exercised when wearing peridot jewelry, avoiding situations that could cause impact or significant temperature fluctuations. Regular cleaning with gentle soap and warm water is recommended to maintain its brilliance.
Alternative August Birthstones
While peridot is the most popular August birthstone, several alternative gems are also associated with the month. These include sardonyx, spinel, and carnelian. Sardonyx, characterized by alternating bands of sard and onyx, is believed to promote self-control, willpower, and integrity. Spinel, often mistaken for ruby, is associated with rejuvenation. Carnelian, known for inspiring courage, success, and creativity, is particularly linked to the zodiac sign of Leo.
Conclusion
Peridot, the captivating green gemstone, stands as a testament to the Earth’s geological forces and the enduring power of symbolism. From its ancient origins as “The Gem of the Sun” to its modern status as the primary birthstone for August, peridot continues to enchant and inspire. Its unique formation, vibrant color, and rich history make it a treasured gem for enthusiasts, jewelry buyers, and those seeking a connection to the natural world. The gem’s association with protection, healing, and a sense of destiny further enhances its appeal, solidifying its place as a significant and beloved gemstone.