December boasts a unique distinction among the birthstone calendar: it possesses not one, but three recognized gemstones – Tanzanite, Zircon, and Blue Topaz. Each stone offers a distinct allure, color, and history, providing a diverse range of options for those born in the final month of the year. This article will explore the origins, properties, and significance of these December birthstones, drawing upon available information to provide a comprehensive overview.
A Relatively Recent Addition: Tanzanite
Tanzanite is the newest addition to the December birthstone family, officially recognized in 2002. Its introduction was largely driven by Tiffany & Co., who recognized the gem’s “international appeal” and launched a significant advertising campaign in 1968 to promote it. The name “Tanzanite” itself originates from its place of discovery: Tanzania, the only location on Earth where this gemstone is commercially mined, specifically in the Merelani Hills.
This birthstone is celebrated for its high clarity and vivid colors. It is commonly gifted to celebrate a 24th wedding anniversary, signifying enduring commitment and beauty. Tanzanite exhibits a hardness ranging from six to seven on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for jewelry, particularly earrings and pendants, though care should be taken to protect it from damage. It demonstrates resistance to heat, light, and common chemicals, contributing to its durability.
The Versatile Zircon
Zircon is a gemstone known for its brilliance and availability in a wide spectrum of colors, including red, orange, brown, yellow, green, and blue. Historically, Zircon has been a popular choice for jewelry, though it’s important to note that blue Topaz is often substituted for blue Zircon in modern representations of December’s birthstone. Zircon’s hardness falls between six and seven and a half on the Mohs scale, and it can be effectively used in everyday jewelry with proper care. A common practice is to heat-treat Zircon to enhance or alter its color, creating a variety of desirable shades.
Blue Topaz: A Traditional Favorite
Blue Topaz is frequently associated with December, often taking precedence over blue Zircon in contemporary jewelry. It is a popular and readily available gemstone, known for its tranquil blue hues.
Historical and Astrological Connections
The concept of birthstones has ancient roots, evolving over centuries. While the modern association of specific stones with months is relatively recent, the practice of linking gemstones to astrological signs and days of the week dates back to ancient civilizations. Ancient astrologers believed that gemstones reflected the energies of the planets and constellations, offering wearers a connection to celestial forces.
According to historical practices, wearing a gold Topaz on Sunday harnesses the Sun’s energy, while a Moonstone or Pearl on Monday promotes tranquility associated with the Moon. Rubies or Garnets on Tuesday embody Mars’ creativity, and Turquoise, Sapphire, or Lapis Lazuli on Wednesday offer protection from negativity through Mercury’s influence. Amethyst on Thursday provides mental clarity from Jupiter, Emerald on Friday evokes Venus’ love, and Diamond on Saturday brings happiness through Saturn’s energy.
Gemstones and the Zodiac
Beyond monthly birthstones, gemstones were also assigned to zodiac signs. This tradition originated with ancient and medieval astrologers who believed gemstones mirrored the influence of the stars. While originally, zodiac stones and birthstones were synonymous, they have diverged over time, with zodiac stones often being semi-precious while standard birthstones include precious gems.
The chart below outlines the zodiac birthstones and their corresponding colors:
| Zodiac | Date | Birthstone | Color | Alternative stones |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aries | Mar. 21-Apr. 20 | Red jasper | Red | Bloodstone, ruby |
| Taurus | Apr. 21-May 20 | Rose quartz | Pink | Sapphire, emerald, carnelian |
| Gemini | May 21-June 21 | Tiger’s eye | Brown | Onyx, topaz |
| Cancer | June 22-July 22 | Chrysoprase | Green | Diamond, moonstone, emerald |
| Leo | July 23-Aug. 23 | Rock crystal | Clear | Onyx, ruby, diamond |
| Virgo | Aug. 24-Sept. 23 | Citrine | Yellow | Zircon, beryl, jasper |
| Libra | Sept. 24-Oct. 23 | Orange citrine | Orange | Diamond, opal, peridot |
| Scorpio | Oct. 24-Nov. 22 | Carnelian | Deep red | Obsidian, ruby, topaz |
Other Monthly Birthstones
The provided sources also briefly mention other birthstones associated with different months, offering a glimpse into the broader spectrum of gemstone lore:
- January: Garnet (deep red)
- March: Aquamarine (pale blue), Bloodstone
- April: Diamond (clear)
- May: Emerald
- September: Sapphire (deep blue, also available in pink, yellow, and green)
- October: Opal & Tourmaline
- November: Topaz & Citrine
- February: Amethyst (violet)
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
While detailed gemological data is limited within the provided sources, some key properties can be summarized:
| Gemstone | Color | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|---|
| Tanzanite | Vivid blues and violets | 6-7 |
| Zircon | Red, orange, brown, yellow, green, blue | 6-7.5 |
| Blue Topaz | Pale to deep blue | 8 |
| Aquamarine | Pale blue | 7.5-8 |
| Diamond | Clear | 10 |
| Emerald | Green | Not specified |
| Sapphire | Blue, pink, yellow, green | Not specified |
| Opal | Multi-colored | Not specified |
| Tourmaline | Spectrum of colors | Not specified |
| Topaz | Various colors | Not specified |
| Citrine | Yellow/Orange | Not specified |
| Garnet | Deep Red | Not specified |
| Amethyst | Violet | 7 |
Symbolism and Significance
Birthstones are believed to resonate with the months in which individuals are born, bestowing fortunes and strengthening fortitude. The captivating colors of these stones – the deep reds of Garnet, the soothing blues of Aquamarine, and the luxurious blues of Tanzanite – contribute to their allure. These gemstones are frequently incorporated into jewelry designs, creating treasured and sentimental gifts.
Sapphires, particularly blue varieties, were historically used by Christians as symbols of heaven. Modern collectors often associate sapphires with wisdom, purity, and trust. Opal is said to bring good luck, peace, joy, and wealth.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – Tanzanite, Zircon, and Blue Topaz – represent a diverse and captivating selection of gemstones. From the relatively recent discovery of Tanzanite to the long-standing tradition of Zircon and Blue Topaz, each stone offers unique beauty, historical significance, and symbolic meaning. These gemstones continue to enchant and inspire, serving as cherished gifts and enduring symbols of connection to both the natural world and personal milestones.