For centuries, September has been associated with a variety of gemstones, though sapphire has emerged as the primary birthstone for this month. Historically, September’s birthstones included sapphire, lapis lazuli, peridot, sardonyx, agate, and zircon, each carrying unique symbolism and lore. Today, sapphire remains the most recognized gem, celebrated for its beauty, durability, and rich history. This article will explore the significance of sapphire, alongside its historical counterparts, delving into their geological origins, historical uses, and the beliefs surrounding these captivating stones.
History and Lore
Sapphire’s history is deeply intertwined with royalty, faith, and healing. Ancient Greeks believed sapphires offered protection from harm and envy, while simultaneously associating the gem with the heavens, even suggesting the Earth rested upon a giant sapphire that colored the sky blue. Medieval Europeans attributed healing properties to the stone, believing it could cure plague boils and eye diseases, and even serve as an antidote to poison. The gem’s association with the clergy stemmed from its symbolism of Heaven, adorning their robes as a representation of divine grace.
Beyond sapphire, other gems held significance for those born in September. Lapis lazuli, a stone of deep blue, was treasured by ancient royalty, famously decorating the sarcophagus of King Tut and embellishing the palaces of Catherine the Great. Sardonyx, popular in Rome and Italy, was considered a protective stone radiating positive energy and aiding in learning. Agate, revered in ancient Tibet, offered stabilizing properties, while blue zircon, according to Hindu tradition, originated as a leaf from a wish-fulfilling tree, promoting inner peace. Peridot, though now more commonly associated with August, was historically listed as a September birthstone in several ancient calendars.
Gemological Properties
Sapphire, the most prominent September birthstone, is a variety of the mineral corundum, with ruby being the red variety. While commonly known for its blue hues, sapphire actually occurs in a rainbow of colors. The most prized sapphires exhibit a velvety blue or violet shade, commanding the highest price per carat.
The gem’s durability is notable, making it suitable for everyday wear. Specific gemological data is not provided in the sources, but sapphire is well-known for its hardness, ranking 9 on the Mohs scale. This high hardness contributes to its resistance to scratching and abrasion.
Other September birthstones possess distinct properties. Lapis lazuli is a metamorphic rock composed primarily of lazurite, known for its intense blue color and often flecked with pyrite. Peridot, an olivine mineral, is characterized by its vibrant green color. Sardonyx is a banded form of chalcedony, exhibiting layers of red and white. Agate, also a form of chalcedony, displays a wide variety of colors and patterns. Zircon, a silicate mineral, can be found in various colors, including blue, brown, and colorless.
Geological Formation and Sources
Sapphires are formed in metamorphic and igneous rocks, often found in alluvial deposits. Historically significant sources include Kashmir, Myanmar (Burma), and Sri Lanka. However, substantial quantities have also been discovered in Australia, Thailand, Cambodia, Madagascar, and the United States, specifically Montana. The Rockefeller Sapphire, a 62.02-carat rectangular step-cut stone, originated in Myanmar and was later acquired from an Indian maharaja.
The origins of other September birthstones vary. Lapis lazuli is typically found in metamorphic rocks, with Afghanistan being a major source. Peridot is often found in volcanic rocks, with Egypt being a historical source. Sardonyx and agate are formed in volcanic and metamorphic environments, found in various locations worldwide. Zircon is commonly found in igneous and metamorphic rocks, with Sri Lanka and Australia being significant sources.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, September’s birthstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning. Sapphire represents sincerity, truth, faithfulness, and nobility. It is believed to clear the mind, promote truth, and stimulate the throat and third eye chakras, enhancing spiritual insight.
Lapis lazuli symbolizes mental clarity, serenity, and self-mastery, connecting the wearer to the stars and heavens. Peridot is associated with positive energy, opening the heart chakra to remove blockages and even aiding in finding lost items. Sardonyx radiates optimism and confidence, while agate provides stability and a range of benefits depending on its variety. Blue zircon promotes peace and inner joy.
Care and Cleaning
While the provided sources do not offer specific care instructions, sapphire’s hardness makes it relatively durable. However, like all gemstones, it should be protected from harsh chemicals and extreme temperatures. Gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush is generally recommended.
The care of other September birthstones varies based on their properties. Lapis lazuli, being a softer stone, requires gentle handling and cleaning. Peridot is also relatively soft and should be protected from scratches. Agate and sardonyx are more durable but should still be cleaned with care. Zircon can be brittle and requires careful handling to avoid damage.
Modern Representations and Market Availability
Today, sapphire remains the dominant September birthstone, widely available in a variety of cuts and settings. The market offers a range of sapphire jewelry, including rings, earrings, necklaces, and pendants. The popularity of sapphire was notably boosted by Princess Diana’s iconic blue sapphire engagement ring, later worn by Kate Middleton, Duchess of Cambridge.
While less commonly marketed as September birthstones, lapis lazuli, peridot, sardonyx, agate, and zircon are still available in jewelry and gemstone collections. These gems offer unique aesthetic qualities and historical significance for those seeking alternatives to sapphire. Retailers like Chordia Jewels offer a variety of sapphire jewelry, including halo rings, stud earrings, and eternity bands.
Conclusion
September’s birthstones represent a rich tapestry of history, symbolism, and geological wonder. While sapphire has become the most recognized gem for this month, the historical significance of lapis lazuli, peridot, sardonyx, agate, and zircon adds depth and complexity to the September birthstone narrative. Each gem carries unique properties and beliefs, offering a diverse range of options for those seeking a meaningful connection to their birth month. Sapphire, with its enduring beauty and symbolism of truth and faithfulness, continues to reign as a regal and cherished gemstone.