December is a unique month in the world of gemstones, distinguished by having not one, but four recognized birthstones: Blue Topaz, Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Zircon. Each of these gems offers a distinctive color, history, and symbolic meaning, providing a diverse range of options for those born in the twelfth month of the year. This article will explore the origins, properties, and significance of each of these December birthstones, drawing upon available historical and gemological information.
A Quartet of Blues
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month of the year dates back centuries, evolving over time. While some months have a single, universally accepted birthstone, December stands out with its quartet of choices. Turquoise holds the distinction of being the most traditional December birthstone, cherished for millennia. Tanzanite, however, is the newest addition, discovered in Tanzania in 1967. Blue Topaz and Zircon complete the selection, each possessing unique qualities and histories. The availability of multiple birthstones allows individuals born in December to select a gem that resonates with their personal preferences and beliefs.
Turquoise: A Stone of Protection and Tradition
Turquoise, with its captivating blue-green hue, has a rich and storied past. Its name originates from the French phrase “pierre tourques,” meaning “Turkish stone,” reflecting its historical trade route through Turkey to Europe. However, the gem itself has been mined for over a thousand years in the Nishapur district of Iran, where the most prized, intensely blue variety – often described as “robin’s egg blue” or “Persian blue” – is found. This color designation is now used to describe turquoise of similar hue regardless of its origin.
Historically, turquoise held significant cultural importance for various civilizations. In ancient Egypt, it adorned the funerary mask of King Tut, demonstrating its value and prestige. Native American cultures, particularly the Apache, believed turquoise could be found by following a rainbow and that attaching it to weapons would improve accuracy. The Pueblo people associated its color with the sky, while the Hopi believed it was created by lizards crawling across the earth. In Tibetan tradition, turquoise is considered a national treasure, believed to grant health, good fortune, and protection from evil, and to impart peace to the wearer. European tradition associates a turquoise ring with the sentiment “forget me not.”
Blue Topaz: Clarity and Calming Energy
Blue Topaz, another December birthstone, is admired for its icy blue clarity and calming energy. While not always listed among the most traditional choices, it remains a popular option. The sources do not provide extensive historical details regarding Blue Topaz specifically, but its association with December is well-established.
Tanzanite: A Modern Marvel
Tanzanite is the most recent addition to the December birthstone family, discovered in Tanzania in 1967. This gem is known for its violet-blue shimmer, often compared to sapphire, and exudes an elegant and luxurious vibe. Tanzanite typically begins as brownish zoisite, which is then heat-treated to achieve its characteristic blue to violet hues. This heat treatment is permanent, and does not affect the gem’s durability. It is recommended that Tanzanite be set in earrings or pendants, as it is susceptible to cracking with sudden temperature changes and abrasions.
Zircon: A Sparkling Alternative
Blue Zircon is also recognized as a December birthstone. While often confused with cubic zirconia, natural zircon is a distinct gemstone with a long history. Zircon comes in a variety of colors, including golden, red, and clear, with the blue variety being particularly popular. Its brilliance can rival that of a diamond.
Gemological Properties and Care
The four December birthstones exhibit varying degrees of hardness and require different care considerations. Tanzanite, with a hardness of 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale, is relatively soft and should be protected from scratches and sudden temperature changes. Cleaning is best achieved with warm, soapy water; ultrasonic and steam cleaners are not recommended. Turquoise, also relatively soft, requires gentle handling and cleaning. Blue Topaz and Zircon, while more durable, still benefit from careful cleaning with mild soap and water.
The sources do not provide detailed chemical compositions or refractive indices for each gemstone. However, they do indicate that Tanzanite can be attacked by hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of the December birthstones carries its own set of symbolic meanings and metaphysical beliefs. Turquoise is associated with wisdom and protection, while Tanzanite represents new beginnings. Zircon is believed to promote prosperity and honor, and Blue Topaz is thought to bring clarity and calming energy. Historically, Ruby, Chrysoprase, Onyx, and Bloodstone were also associated with December, each offering unique properties – sharpening the mind, bringing good fortune, encouraging self-mastery, and renewing energy, respectively.
Historical Variations and Cultural Significance
The assignment of birthstones has evolved over time and varies across cultures. While Turquoise has long been a traditional December birthstone, other gems like Ruby, Chrysoprase, Onyx, and Bloodstone were historically associated with the month. This demonstrates the fluidity of these traditions and the diverse cultural beliefs surrounding gemstones. The association of turquoise with protection and good fortune is a recurring theme across multiple cultures, highlighting its enduring appeal.
A Table Summarizing December Birthstones
| Birthstone | Color | Historical Significance | Key Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue-Green | Ancient Egypt, Native American cultures | Protection, wisdom |
| Blue Topaz | Blue | Popular choice, calming energy | Clarity, tranquility |
| Tanzanite | Violet-Blue | Discovered in 1967, Tanzania | Elegance, new beginnings |
| Zircon | Blue (also golden, red, clear) | Long history, sparkling brilliance | Prosperity, honor |
Conclusion
December’s selection of birthstones – Blue Topaz, Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Zircon – offers a remarkable range of colors, histories, and symbolic meanings. From the ancient traditions surrounding Turquoise to the modern discovery of Tanzanite, each gem holds a unique place in the world of gemstones. Whether chosen for its aesthetic beauty, historical significance, or perceived metaphysical properties, a December birthstone provides a meaningful connection to the month of its birth. The diversity of options ensures that every December-born individual can find a gem that truly resonates with their personality and spirit.