December is unique among the months, boasting not one, but three recognized birthstones: Tanzanite, Zircon, and Turquoise. These gemstones, predominantly showcasing shades of blue, offer a diverse range of symbolism, historical significance, and aesthetic appeal. While blue topaz is also frequently associated with December, the primary focus of this article will be on Tanzanite, Zircon, and Turquoise, as detailed in available sources.
History and Lore
The concept of birthstones dates back to ancient times, with the belief that these precious stones held specific fortunes and strengthened fortitude for those born in their corresponding month. The association of specific gems with months evolved over time, and December’s selection reflects a blend of historical tradition and more recent discoveries.
Turquoise, with a history stretching back millennia, derives its name from the French phrase “pierre tourques,” meaning “Turkish stone,” reflecting the trade routes through Turkey that brought the gem to Europe in the 13th century. Ancient sources of Turquoise were found in Persia (modern-day Iran) and the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt, where it was incorporated into religious and cultural artifacts for thousands of years. The color “turquoise” itself is derived from the stone, a testament to its iconic hue.
Zircon, appearing in nearly every color, is most recognized for its blue variety. Its name potentially originates from either the Sanskrit word “Tapas” meaning “fire,” or the Greek word “Topazos,” referring to an island in the Red Sea.
Tanzanite, however, has a comparatively recent history. Discovered in 1967 in Tanzania, it quickly gained popularity and was officially added as a December birthstone by the American Gem Trade Association in 2002. A Maasai legend attributes its origin to a bolt of lightning striking the ground, transforming the rocks into shimmering blue stones. The Maasai tribe traditionally gifts Tanzanite to new parents as a blessing for health, well-being, and wealth. Initially named ‘Blue Zoisite,’ it was later renamed Tanzanite in honor of its country of origin.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these three December birthstones are geographically diverse. Turquoise forms in relatively dry, arid regions, often in the vicinity of copper deposits. Historically, Persia and the Sinai Peninsula were significant sources, but today it is found in various locations worldwide.
Zircon is mined primarily in Australia, which accounts for 37% of the world’s zircon production. Its formation occurs in igneous rocks and alluvial deposits.
Tanzanite, uniquely, is found in only one place globally: Tanzania, near the Mererani Hills. This limited geographical source contributes to its rarity and value.
Gemological Properties
While all three stones share a predominantly blue color palette, their gemological properties differ significantly.
Turquoise: The color ranges from sky blue to greenish-blue. Zircon: Naturally appears in almost every color, but is most recognizable by its blue hue. It can be slightly radioactive and is often treated to stabilize it. Tanzanite: Exhibits a captivating deep blue-violet color. A remarkable characteristic of Tanzanite is its pleochroism – the ability to display different colors when viewed from different angles, showcasing shades of blue, violet, and red. It is also relatively easy to scratch compared to many other precious stones, requiring careful handling.
A comparative table of hardness (Mohs scale) is not available in the provided sources.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of these December birthstones carries its own set of symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties.
Turquoise has long been associated with protection and good fortune.
Zircon is considered a grounding stone, believed to balance dreams with reality and ward off negative energy, inviting happiness into the wearer’s life.
Tanzanite is said to possess calming and soothing properties, earning it the nickname “the workaholic stone” for its purported ability to relax those who overwork. It is also believed to relieve depression and stress, promoting wisdom, peace, and inner strength. Historically, Tanzanite was thought to strengthen the immune system, detoxify blood, and regenerate cells.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of these gemstones. Tanzanite, being relatively soft, requires gentle handling to avoid scratches. All three stones should be protected from sudden temperature changes, extreme heat, and harsh cleaning agents. Cleaning with a soft brush and warm soapy water, followed by drying with a soft cloth, is recommended. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners should be avoided, particularly for Tanzanite.
Affordability and Accessibility
One advantage of December’s birthstones is their relative affordability. Despite their beauty and brilliance, these gems are often more budget-friendly than other precious stones, making them accessible for a wider range of gift-givers and personal purchases.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – Tanzanite, Zircon, and Turquoise – represent a captivating blend of history, beauty, and symbolism. From the ancient origins of Turquoise to the recent discovery of Tanzanite, each gem offers a unique connection to the month of December and the individuals born within it. Their diverse properties and meanings provide a wealth of options for those seeking a meaningful and beautiful gemstone.