Aquamarine, the birthstone of March, is a gemstone deeply intertwined with the lore of the sea and a history spanning millennia. Its name, derived from the Latin “aqua marina” meaning seawater, aptly describes its captivating range of blue hues. Revered for its clarity, durability, and serene beauty, aquamarine has adorned royalty, protected sailors, and symbolized purity and happiness. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of this remarkable gemstone, drawing solely from available sources.
History and Lore
The association between aquamarine and the ocean dates back to ancient times. Ancient mariners believed the gem possessed the power to calm waves and ensure safe passage, carrying it as a talisman for protection during voyages. Roman fisherman utilized aquamarine, hoping for safe travels and bountiful catches. Beyond maritime protection, the gemstone was thought to offer broader benefits. Sources indicate that beryl, the mineral family to which aquamarine belongs, was believed to safeguard wearers against enemies in both battle and legal disputes, fostering invincibility and amiability while enhancing intellect.
Throughout history, aquamarine has been prized by various cultures. Sumerians, Egyptians, Hebrews, and Greeks all admired the gemstone, with the Greeks engraving intricate designs upon it. In ancient Rome, physicians even employed aquamarine in treating ailments such as overeating and bloating. The stone also holds a connection to the apostle St. Thomas, who was frequently at sea during his travels.
More recently, aquamarine has been associated with significant historical figures. In 1936, the government of Brazil presented First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt with a remarkable 1,298-carat dark blue rectangular step-cut aquamarine. This impressive gem, faceted from a 2.9-pound rough stone, now resides at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum in Hyde Park, New York. Perhaps the most celebrated example of aquamarine is the Dom Pedro Aquamarine, a colossal 10,363-carat obelisk housed at the Smithsonian Institution. Fashioned by German lapidary Berndt Munsteiner using a fantasy cut technique, this approximately 14-inch-high specimen is considered the largest faceted aquamarine in the world. Aquamarine also holds a place in modern royal history, as Princess Diana was known to favor aquamarine jewelry, and a piece from her collection was incorporated into Meghan Markle’s engagement ring, linking generations through this striking stone.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine is a variety of the mineral beryl, a beryllium aluminum cyclosilicate. It forms in pegmatite deposits, which are coarse-grained igneous rocks. These deposits are found in both primary (hard rock) and secondary (weathered) formations. The presence of iron impurities within the beryl crystal structure is responsible for aquamarine’s characteristic blue coloration.
Brazil has long been a significant source of aquamarine, particularly the state of Minas Gerais, which has yielded gems for the past two centuries. The landscape of Minas Gerais, characterized by rocky hills, rivers, and scrub brush, is where these deposits are commonly found. Beyond Brazil, aquamarine is also sourced from Nigeria, Madagascar, Zambia, Pakistan, and Mozambique. Within the United States, aquamarine can be found in Riverside and San Diego counties in California, and Colorado, where it is designated as the state gemstone.
Gemological Properties
Aquamarine boasts a Mohs hardness ranging from 7.5 to 8, making it a durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear, particularly in engagement rings. Its color varies from a greenish-blue to a pure blue-green, with larger aquamarines generally exhibiting more intense coloration. The value of an aquamarine is influenced by both its hue and saturation, with higher saturation commanding a greater price.
High-quality aquamarine is often characterized by its exceptional clarity and transparency, appearing as clear as water. When evaluating aquamarine, clarity is a key factor, with stones free from inclusions being more valuable. The cut of an aquamarine also plays a crucial role in enhancing its brilliance. Skilled cutting maximizes the gemstone’s sparkle and effectively reflects light, emphasizing its color and transparency. Common cuts include oval, pear, emerald, marquise, and heart-shaped.
Aquamarine rings are available in a variety of styles, including solitaire designs, vintage-inspired settings with intricate metalwork, and combinations with diamonds to enhance sparkle. Emerald-cut aquamarines, paired with the vintage emerald cut, are particularly elegant, showcasing the gemstone’s depth of color.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Aquamarine’s symbolism is deeply rooted in its connection to water. As its name suggests, the gemstone embodies the tranquility and clarity of the sea. It is often associated with calmness, serenity, and purity of spirit and soul. As the birthstone for March, aquamarine is believed to bring happiness in marriage and is traditionally gifted on the 19th wedding anniversary, representing enduring love and commitment.
Historically, aquamarine was thought to offer protection against foes and quicken the intellect. It was believed to bestow upon the wearer qualities of invincibility, amiability, and mental acuity. These beliefs contribute to the gemstone’s enduring appeal and symbolic significance.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its relatively high hardness, aquamarine is a durable gemstone. However, proper care is essential to maintain its brilliance and beauty. Aquamarine should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as these can damage the gemstone’s surface. Ultrasonic cleaners are generally safe for aquamarine, but caution should be exercised if the stone has any fractures or inclusions. Regular cleaning will help preserve the gemstone’s clarity and sparkle, ensuring it remains a cherished possession for years to come.
Conclusion
Aquamarine, with its captivating blue hues and rich history, remains a highly sought-after gemstone. From its ancient origins as a talisman for sailors to its modern-day status as a beloved birthstone and symbol of enduring love, aquamarine continues to enchant and inspire. Its durability, clarity, and serene beauty make it a timeless choice for jewelry, while its symbolic associations with tranquility and purity add to its enduring appeal. The legacy of the sea is beautifully encapsulated within this remarkable gemstone, ensuring its place as a treasured gem for generations to come.