March, a month symbolizing transition and renewal, is uniquely represented by two birthstones: aquamarine and, increasingly, aqua spinel. While aquamarine has long held the traditional association with the month, aqua spinel is gaining recognition as a vibrant and durable alternative. Both gems offer a spectrum of beautiful blue hues, embodying the serenity of the sea and the clarity of the spring sky. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of these captivating March birthstones.
History and Lore
The association of gemstones with specific months dates back to ancient times, with early traditions linking twelve stones to the twelve months of the year and the zodiac signs. Initially, bloodstone was the sole birthstone for March, a tradition stemming from historical lists dating back to the 1st century AD. However, as gem identification became more refined and standardized lists emerged in the 19th century, aquamarine rose to prominence as the primary March birthstone. Tiffany & Co.’s publication of birthstone poems in 1870 further solidified aquamarine’s position, with the March verse specifically advocating for bloodstone to be worn by those born in that month.
Aquamarine’s history is deeply intertwined with maritime lore. Ancient mariners believed the gem possessed the power to calm waves and ensure safe voyages, carrying it as a talisman against the perils of the sea. Roman fishermen used aquamarine for protection, hoping for luck in their catches and safe passage by boat. Beyond seafaring, aquamarine was valued by various civilizations, including the Sumerians, Egyptians, Hebrews, and Greeks, who engraved designs into the gemstones. In ancient Rome, physicians even employed aquamarine to treat overeating and bloating. The gem was also linked to the apostle St. Thomas, known for his frequent sea travels.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine belongs to the beryl family, a group of minerals that also includes emerald and morganite. Its blue color is attributed to trace amounts of iron within the beryl’s chemical composition. These gemstones form in pegmatites, which are coarse-grained igneous rocks, often associated with granite formations.
Brazil is currently a major source of aquamarine, producing significant quantities of the gem. However, aquamarine can also be found in Nigeria, Madagascar, Zambia, Pakistan, and Mozambique. Within the United States, aquamarine has been discovered in Riverside and San Diego counties in California, and Colorado, where it is designated as the state gemstone.
Aqua spinel, while a more recent addition to the March birthstone family, forms in different geological environments. Spinel typically crystallizes in metamorphic rocks and alluvial deposits. The blue hues in aqua spinel are due to trace elements, though the specific composition contributing to the color can vary.
Gemological Properties
Aquamarine is characterized by its range of blue tones, from pale sky blue to deep, clear sea blue. Its name, derived from the Latin words “aqua” (water) and “marina” (sea), aptly reflects its connection to the ocean. Aquamarine typically exhibits excellent clarity, often being free from visible inclusions. It possesses a hardness of 7 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively durable and suitable for various jewelry applications.
Aqua spinel, as an alternative, presents a captivating range of blue-to-blue-green colors. It often rivals aquamarine in brilliance and intensity, offering a vibrant alternative. While aquamarine is typically transparent, bloodstone, the other traditional March birthstone, is usually opaque.
Here's a comparative table summarizing key properties:
| Property | Aquamarine | Aqua Spinel |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical Family | Beryl | Spinel |
| Color | Blue to Blue-Green | Blue to Blue-Green |
| Transparency | Transparent | Transparent |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 7 - 7.5 | 8 |
| Luster | Vitreous | Vitreous |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, aquamarine has been associated with purity, youth, and hope, symbolizing the arrival of spring. It is believed to enhance communication, promoting clarity and confidence in self-expression. The gem’s connection to water also lends itself to interpretations of emotional healing and tranquility. Some associate aquamarines with marital happiness and superior intellect.
Historically, beryl, the family to which aquamarine belongs, was thought to provide protection against foes in battle and litigation, rendering the wearer unconquerable and amiable, and quickening the intellect.
While less steeped in ancient lore than aquamarine, aqua spinel is increasingly recognized for its own symbolic properties. Its vibrant color is often associated with vitality, energy, and inspiration.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness of 7 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, aquamarine is relatively durable and can withstand everyday wear. However, it is still susceptible to scratches from harder materials. Cleaning aquamarine jewelry is straightforward: warm, soapy water and a soft brush are generally sufficient to remove dirt and grime. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, as these can potentially damage the gemstone.
Aqua spinel, with a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, is even more durable than aquamarine. It can be cleaned using the same method – warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Its greater hardness makes it less prone to scratching and more suitable for daily wear.
Wedding Anniversaries
Aquamarine holds a special significance for couples, serving as the traditional gemstone for the 18th wedding anniversary. Bloodstone, the other traditional March birthstone, is an alternate gem for the 14th wedding anniversary.
Conclusion
Aquamarine and aqua spinel represent the beauty and renewal of March. Aquamarine, with its rich history and serene blue hues, has long been cherished as a symbol of tranquility, clarity, and safe travels. Aqua spinel, a more recent addition to the March birthstone family, offers a vibrant and durable alternative, embodying energy and inspiration. Both gems provide a stunning range of options for those born in March, offering a connection to the sea, the sky, and the promise of spring.