December boasts a remarkable selection of birthstones – turquoise, tanzanite, and zircon, alongside blue topaz – offering a diverse palette of blues and greens for those born in the final month of the year. Among these, turquoise holds a particularly significant place, revered for millennia for its striking color, cultural importance, and perceived protective qualities. This article delves into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and modern usage of turquoise, the captivating December birthstone.
History and Lore
Turquoise is one of the oldest known gemstones, with evidence of its use dating back as far as 4,000 B.C. in ancient Egypt. Found in Egyptian tombs, it adorned pharaohs and rulers, signifying status and believed to possess beneficial powers. Its name originates from the French phrase "pierre tourques," meaning "Turkish stone," a reflection of the historical trade routes through Turkey where the gem was initially introduced to Europe.
Beyond Egypt, turquoise held immense value for ancient cultures worldwide. Chinese artisans were carving turquoise over 3,000 years ago, demonstrating its early appeal in the East. Throughout history, the gemstone has been associated with protection, health, and good fortune. From the 13th century onward, it was believed to safeguard against falls, particularly from horses, and was thought to break into pieces when disaster loomed, acting as a warning to the wearer. Hindu mystics believed that viewing turquoise after a new moon would bring about great wealth. These longstanding beliefs underscore the deep-rooted cultural significance of turquoise across diverse civilizations.
Geological Formation and Sources
Turquoise is a hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, meaning its formation involves a chemical reaction between rainwater and copper ore deposits. This process results in a typically opaque gemstone displaying hues ranging from vibrant blue to green, often characterized by distinctive dark veining or matrix patterns – remnants of the host rock in which it formed.
While specific mining locations are not detailed in the provided sources, the historical trade routes through Turkey suggest early sources existed in that region. The sources emphasize the gemstone’s long history, implying established mining practices over centuries.
Gemological Properties
The provided sources describe turquoise as a semi-translucent to opaque gem. Its color ranges from blue to green, and it is frequently marked with matrix, which is the host rock material that remains within the gemstone. The composition is a hydrated copper aluminum phosphate. Further detailed gemological properties, such as refractive index, specific gravity, or crystal structure, are not provided within the available sources.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Turquoise is deeply embedded with symbolism and metaphysical beliefs. It is often associated with positive attributes such as happiness, honesty, and spirituality. Many believe it fosters strength, serenity, and creativity. Historically, it was considered a protective stone, shielding the wearer from harm and misfortune. The belief in its protective qualities extended to preventing accidents, with the notion that it would fracture upon approaching danger. The gemstone’s connection to wealth and prosperity is also evident in Hindu traditions, where viewing turquoise after a new moon was thought to ensure financial gain.
Modern Usage
Turquoise continues to be a popular gemstone in contemporary jewelry. Its striking color and unique matrix patterns make it a desirable material for rings, necklaces, earrings, and bracelets. The sources do not detail current market values or cutting styles, but its enduring appeal suggests a consistent demand within the gemstone market.
December Birthstone Variations
December is unique in offering multiple birthstones. While turquoise is a traditional choice, blue topaz, tanzanite, and blue zircon also represent the month. The sources highlight that all four gemstones share a common thread of blue hues, reflecting the cool tones of the winter season. The choice of birthstone ultimately comes down to personal preference, with each gem offering a distinct shade and personality. The sources indicate that December 26th specifically aligns with turquoise as a birthstone, alongside other dates assigned to the other December birthstones.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific care and cleaning instructions for turquoise. However, given its composition and relative softness compared to other gemstones, it is reasonable to infer that it requires gentle handling and protection from harsh chemicals and abrasive materials. Further research beyond the provided sources would be necessary to provide comprehensive care guidelines.
Conclusion
Turquoise stands as a testament to the enduring allure of gemstones throughout history. From its ancient origins in Egypt and China to its continued popularity in modern jewelry, this December birthstone has captivated cultures for millennia. Its striking blue-green hues, unique matrix patterns, and rich symbolism make it a truly special gem. Whether valued for its aesthetic beauty, perceived protective qualities, or connection to the December birth month, turquoise remains a cherished and significant gemstone.