December is unique among the months, boasting not one, but five recognized birthstones: zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise. This abundance offers a diverse range of color, price, and personal meaning for those born in the final month of the year. These gemstones, steeped in history and cultural significance, extend beyond mere aesthetic appeal, connecting wearers to narratives spanning millennia.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month dates back to ancient times, though the specific stones assigned have evolved. The practice originated in medieval times, with the belief that wearing a gemstone corresponding to one’s birth month would bestow good luck and protection. Turquoise and zircon have long been considered primary December birthstones, representing the cool hues of winter. Lapis lazuli and turquoise represent the traditional gems for December, while blue zircon, blue topaz, and tanzanite are the modern choices.
Turquoise, in particular, possesses a rich and ancient history. Cherished for millennia, it adorned the pharaohs of ancient Egypt and was intricately carved by Chinese artisans over 3,000 years ago. It was believed to guarantee health and good fortune, and from the 13th century onward, was thought to protect against falls, even breaking into pieces to warn of impending disaster. Hindu mystics believed viewing turquoise after a new moon would bring immense wealth.
Lapis lazuli, with its deep azure tones and golden pyrite flecks, has historically been associated with royalty and spirituality. Used in art, jewelry, and spiritual practices, it held an esteemed status among gem enthusiasts. The stone was considered a stone of truth and enlightenment, believed to enhance intellectual abilities and stimulate a quest for knowledge.
Geological Formation and Sources
The sources for these December birthstones are geographically diverse. Turquoise, as its name suggests, is often found in shades of blue-green and is formed with veins of matrix, remnants of the rock in which it formed. While specific mining locations aren’t detailed in the provided sources, the historical use by Egyptians and Native American tribes suggests origins in those regions.
Zircon is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, giving it significant geological value. The sources for zircon are not specified in the provided materials.
Tanzanite is uniquely sourced, found in only one area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. This limited geographical origin contributes to its rarity and desirability.
Topaz sources are not detailed in the provided materials.
Lapis lazuli’s origins are not specified in the provided materials.
Gemological Properties
The December birthstones exhibit a wide range of gemological properties. Turquoise is a semi-translucent to opaque gem, ranging in color from blue to green. Zircon is celebrated for its brilliant fire and rainbow of colors. Blue topaz is known for its calm, serene colors, while tanzanite is prized for its unique blue to violet color.
The provided sources do not offer detailed gemological data such as chemical formulas, refractive indices, or hardness levels for these stones. However, it is noted that topaz, due to its physical properties, is not recommended for use as a central stone in jewelry by some jewelers, though it can be used effectively as a side stone.
Here's a table summarizing the color ranges of the December birthstones, as described in the sources:
| Gemstone | Color Range |
|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue to Green |
| Zircon | Rainbow of Colors |
| Blue Topaz | Calm, Serene Blues |
| Tanzanite | Blue to Violet |
| Lapis Lazuli | Deep Azure with Gold Flecks |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these December birthstones has been attributed with specific meanings and powers. Turquoise was believed to possess beneficial powers, guaranteeing health and good fortune. It was also considered a talisman for protection. Lapis lazuli was associated with wisdom and royalty, believed to enhance intellectual abilities.
The sources indicate that these stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer’s personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. They offer a sense of serenity, expansiveness, tranquility, and positive energy.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources offer limited guidance on the care and cleaning of December birthstones. However, it is generally advised to follow simple care instructions to maintain their beauty and vibrancy over time. Specific cleaning methods are not detailed, but given the variety of stones, it’s reasonable to assume that each may require different care based on its hardness and composition.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones—zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise—offer a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each unique for those born in this month. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. When choosing between these gemstones, December’s stones stand out with their vibrant colors and deep cultural roots, providing a distinct way to express individuality. Purchasing these gemstones requires careful research and consultation with experts to ensure quality and authenticity. Their unique traits demand thoughtful handling and care to maintain their beauty over time. As fine jewelry, December's birthstones are not only stylish but also connect wearers to historical and cultural narratives, enhancing both their aesthetic appeal and personal meaning.