Tanzanite is a relatively recent addition to the world of recognized gemstones, yet it has quickly become a highly sought-after birthstone for those born in December. This captivating gem, displaying shades of blue, violet, and even red depending on the viewing angle, is celebrated for its brilliance, rarity, and the intriguing lore surrounding its discovery. As a modern birthstone, alongside turquoise and blue zircon, tanzanite offers a vibrant alternative for December babies, symbolizing wisdom, peace, and inner strength. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of this remarkable gemstone.
History and Lore
While turquoise holds a long and storied past as a traditional December birthstone, tanzanite’s history is comparatively brief. Its discovery is attributed to a Maasai tribesman in 1967 in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania. Initially misidentified as sapphire, the gem was later correctly classified as a blue-violet variety of zoisite. Recognizing its potential, Tiffany & Co. played a pivotal role in popularizing the stone, renaming it “tanzanite” in honor of its country of origin.
The Maasai people have their own legends surrounding the gem. One story recounts that the ground was struck by lightning, transforming the rocks into the shimmering blue stone. They traditionally gifted tanzanite upon the birth of a child, believing it would bestow health, well-being, and wealth. In Tibetan tradition, turquoise is considered a national treasure, believed to grant health, good fortune, and protection from evil, and to impart peace to the wearer. The association with forgetfulness is also noted in European tradition, where a turquoise ring symbolized the sentiment “forget me not.”
The American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) officially added tanzanite as a December birthstone in 2002, solidifying its place in modern birthstone charts. It is also recognized as the stone for the 8th and 24th wedding anniversaries.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite is a blue to blue-violet to purple variety of the mineral zoisite. Its distinctive color arises from the presence of vanadium within its chemical structure. The gem’s color range is quite diverse, encompassing shades of blue, violet-blue, purple, periwinkle, lilac, and even deep indigo. The most desirable tanzanite exhibits a medium-dark tone with vivid saturation and a slightly violet-blue hue.
Remarkably, tanzanite is found in only one known location worldwide: the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. This limited geographical source contributes significantly to its rarity and value. The gem is formed within a complex geological environment involving metamorphic rocks and intense heat and pressure.
A significant portion of tanzanite undergoes heat treatment to enhance its blue color. This treatment is permanent and widely accepted within the gem trade, improving the gem’s marketability and appeal.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite possesses a Mohs hardness ranging from 6.5 to 7, making it relatively durable but still susceptible to scratches and damage from daily wear. This means it requires careful handling and protection. It is often cut to maximize brilliance and minimize the visibility of any inclusions.
Here's a summary of key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Zoisite |
| Chemical Formula | Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH) |
| Color | Blue to Violet |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 |
| Treatment | Commonly Heated |
| Pleochroism | Present |
The phenomenon of pleochroism is particularly noteworthy in tanzanite. This optical property causes the gem to display different colors when viewed from different angles, showcasing varying shades of blue, violet, and red. This captivating effect adds to its allure and distinguishes it from other gemstones.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history and across cultures, tanzanite has been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. It is often associated with new beginnings, transformation, beauty, intuition, and psychic abilities. Some believe it can raise consciousness, dissolve old patterns and habits, and promote overall health, well-being, and prosperity.
Historically, tanzanite was believed to strengthen the immune system, detoxify blood, and regenerate cells, skin, and hair. These beliefs, while not scientifically substantiated, reflect the enduring human fascination with the healing powers of gemstones.
The gem’s association with Sagittarius, one of the zodiac signs linked to December, further enhances its symbolic significance for those born under this sign. It is believed to complement the adventurous and optimistic nature of Sagittarians.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its moderate hardness, tanzanite requires careful handling and cleaning. Avoid sudden or extreme temperature changes, as these can cause fractures. It is best to avoid exposure to extreme heat, steam cleaners, and ultrasonic cleaners.
The recommended cleaning method involves using a soft brush and warm, soapy water. Gently scrub the gem to remove any dirt or grime, then rinse thoroughly with clean water. Dry the tanzanite with a soft, lint-free cloth to prevent scratches and maintain its brilliance. It is advisable to store tanzanite jewelry separately from other gemstones to avoid abrasion.
Conclusion
Tanzanite, a relatively recent discovery, has quickly established itself as a captivating and highly valued gemstone. Its unique violet-blue hues, coupled with its intriguing history and metaphysical properties, make it a compelling choice for those seeking a distinctive December birthstone. From its origins in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania to its recognition by the AGTA, tanzanite’s journey is a testament to the enduring allure of rare and beautiful gems. Its limited source and captivating pleochroism ensure its continued desirability among gemstone enthusiasts and jewelry lovers alike.