The realm of birthstones offers a fascinating intersection of geological wonder, historical tradition, and symbolic meaning. For those born in December, a unique duality exists, with both Tanzanite and Zircon claiming the honor of representing the month. These gemstones, while differing significantly in origin and properties, both possess a captivating beauty and a rich history that has cemented their place in the world of jewelry and gemology. This article will delve into the characteristics, origins, and significance of both December birthstones, drawing upon available knowledge to provide a comprehensive overview.
A History of December’s Stones
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with birth months dates back centuries, with roots in ancient astrology and religious beliefs. While the earliest associations varied, the modern standardization of birthstones began to take shape in the 19th and 20th centuries. Initially, Zircon held sole claim to December, but in 2002, Tanzanite was officially added as a secondary birthstone, largely due to a successful marketing campaign by Tiffany & Co. This addition reflects the evolving nature of birthstone lists and the influence of gemological discoveries and commercial interests. The practice of gifting birthstones is believed to bestow good fortune and strengthen fortitude upon the recipient, making them treasured gifts for loved ones and significant markers of life’s milestones, including wedding anniversaries.
Zircon: A Spectrum of Brilliance
Zircon is a gemstone celebrated for its exceptional brilliance and availability in a wide spectrum of colors. These include red, orange, brown, yellow, green, and blue. The name itself is believed to be derived from the Persian word "zargun," meaning "gold-colored," reflecting the gem’s often warm and inviting hues.
Geological Formation and Sources
Zircon is formed in a variety of geological environments, including igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Primary sources of Zircon production are found in Sri Lanka and Australia. Other notable sources include Vietnam, Mozambique, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Madagascar.
Gemological Properties
Zircon possesses a hardness ranging from 6 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for everyday jewelry with proper care. It is commonly subjected to heat treatment to enhance or alter its color, producing a variety of desirable shades. The gem’s refractive index contributes to its brilliance, though it is important to note that blue Zircon is often substituted with blue Topaz in jewelry due to cost and availability.
Tanzanite: A Recent Discovery with International Appeal
Tanzanite is a relatively recent addition to the world of gemstones, discovered in Tanzania in 1967. Its introduction to the market was spearheaded by Tiffany & Co., who recognized its unique beauty and potential for international appeal. A significant advertising campaign launched in 1968 helped establish Tanzanite as a desirable and sought-after gem.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite is found exclusively in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, making it a geographically unique gemstone. Its formation is linked to complex geological processes within this region. The limited source contributes to its relative rarity and value.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite is known for its high clarity and vivid colors, typically ranging from deep blues to violet hues. It exhibits strong trichroism, meaning it displays different colors when viewed from different angles. The gem’s hardness is rated between 6 and 7 on the Mohs scale. It demonstrates resistance to heat, light, and common chemicals, making it a durable option for jewelry, though it is often recommended for use in earrings or pendants rather than rings due to its potential for cleavage.
Color and Symbolism
Both Zircon and Tanzanite offer a captivating range of colors, each carrying its own symbolic weight. Zircon’s diverse palette allows for a variety of interpretations, while Tanzanite’s deep blues and violets are often associated with wisdom, dignity, and tranquility. The color of a gemstone often plays a crucial role in its perceived value and desirability.
Zodiac Connections
Beyond monthly birthstones, ancient and medieval astrologers also assigned gemstones to the zodiac signs, believing them to reflect planetary influences and personality traits. While zodiac stones and birthstones were originally intertwined, they have largely diverged over time. Today, zodiac birthstones often consist of semi-precious gems, while standard birthstones frequently include precious stones like diamonds, emeralds, and sapphires.
Other Notable Birthstones and Their Origins
Several other birthstones boast compelling histories and unique properties. Rubies, sourced from Vietnam, Mozambique, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Madagascar, are renowned for their intense red color and exceptional hardness, ranking a 9 on the Mohs scale. Peridot, known since ancient times as a protective talisman, ranges in color from greenish-yellow to yellowish-green and is traditionally gifted for a 16th wedding anniversary. Spinel, available in a vibrant array of colors, was once believed to cure blood loss and promote harmony, and is traditionally gifted on a 22nd wedding anniversary. Bloodstone, also known as heliotrope, is an opaque green quartz with red spots, historically linked to religious beliefs and believed to possess healing properties. Finally, the diamond, derived from the Greek word "adamas" meaning "unbreakable," has long been cherished for its beauty, value, and enduring symbolism of love and commitment.
Gemstone Hardness Comparison
The Mohs scale of mineral hardness provides a comparative measure of a gemstone’s resistance to scratching. Here’s a comparison of the hardness of the December birthstones and other notable gems:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Diamond | 10 |
| Ruby | 9 |
| Zircon | 6-7.5 |
| Tanzanite | 6-7 |
| Spinel | 8 |
| Peridot | 6.5-7 |
| Bloodstone | 6.5-7 |
Care and Maintenance
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of any gemstone. Zircon, with its moderate hardness, requires careful handling to avoid scratches. Tanzanite, while relatively durable, is susceptible to damage from harsh chemicals and extreme temperatures. Both gems should be cleaned with mild soap and warm water, and stored in a soft cloth to prevent abrasion.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones, Zircon and Tanzanite, represent a captivating blend of tradition and modernity. Zircon, with its long history and diverse colors, offers a classic brilliance, while Tanzanite, a more recent discovery, captivates with its unique hue and limited source. Both gemstones embody beauty, durability, and symbolic significance, making them cherished gifts and treasured additions to any jewelry collection. Their stories reflect the enduring allure of gemstones and their continued ability to inspire and enchant.