June boasts a trio of recognized birthstones – Alexandrite, Pearl, and Moonstone – offering a diverse range of aesthetics and lore. While Pearl holds a long-standing traditional association, Alexandrite represents a more modern addition, celebrated for its remarkable color-changing properties. Moonstone, also a traditional choice, is known for its ethereal glow. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and symbolism of Alexandrite and Moonstone, the two gemstones highlighted within the provided sources.
A History Rooted in Tradition and Discovery
The concept of associating gemstones with specific months has ancient origins, tracing back to the biblical Breastplate of Aaron, described in the Book of Exodus. This garment featured twelve precious stones representing the twelve tribes of Israel, each imbued with symbolic meaning. Scholars like Flavius Josephus and St. Jerome later connected these stones to the months of the year and the zodiac signs, establishing a tradition that persisted for centuries. Throughout history, different cultures have assigned varying gemstones to each month, with some overlap but also significant divergence.
While a comprehensive historical account of Moonstone’s use is not fully detailed in the provided sources, it is noted that the gem has been associated with lunar deities in both Roman and Greek mythology, and with solidified moonbeams in Hindu tradition. Alexandrite, in contrast, has a more recent history. It was first discovered in Russia’s Ural Mountains in the 1830s. Its unique optical properties quickly garnered attention, and it was named in honor of Alexander II, the then-Tsar of Russia.
The sources indicate that the practice of assigning birthstones continued to evolve, with modern additions like spinel and citrine supplementing the traditional list. Today, individuals often choose from both traditional and modern options, selecting stones based on personal preference and availability.
Geological Formation and Sources
Moonstone is a member of the feldspar mineral group, exhibiting a pearl-like luster due to the way light interacts with its layered structure. This interaction creates the phenomenon known as adularescence, the shimmering effect for which moonstone is prized. The sources mention that moonstone can be found in the United States (New Mexico, North Carolina, and Virginia), as well as in India, Sri Lanka, Brazil, Madagascar, Myanmar, and Tanzania, with India and Sri Lanka being particularly important sources.
Alexandrite, a rare variety of the mineral chrysoberyl, is distinguished by its ability to change color depending on the light source. This phenomenon, known as pleochroism, results in a green or bluish-green appearance in daylight and a red or purplish hue under incandescent light. The initial discovery of Alexandrite occurred in the Ural Mountains of Russia. While the sources do not detail current mining locations extensively, they highlight its rarity and value.
Gemological Properties
Moonstone’s properties are as follows: it registers between 6 and 6.5 on the Mohs scale of hardness, indicating moderate durability. It typically appears milky white or gray, with a white or silvery glow, though pink, orange, near-colorless, and blue varieties also exist. The adularescence, or shimmering effect, is the most important characteristic determining its value, with a blue sheen against a colorless background being particularly prized.
Alexandrite is also valued for its unique optical properties. As a variety of chrysoberyl, it exhibits a vivid green to bluish-green color in daylight or fluorescent light, transforming to a deep red to purplish hue under incandescent light. This color change is the defining characteristic of Alexandrite and is due to its ability to absorb different wavelengths of light depending on the source.
The sources caution against harsh cleaning methods for both stones. Moonstone, with its lower hardness and poor toughness, may crack when exposed to high heat and should not be cleaned with ultrasonic or steam cleaners. Warm, soapy water and a soft brush are recommended.
Here's a table summarizing the key gemological properties:
| Property | Moonstone | Alexandrite |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral Group | Feldspar | Chrysoberyl |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6 - 6.5 | 8.5 |
| Key Characteristic | Adularescence | Color Change |
| Typical Colors | White, Gray, Pink | Green, Red, Purple |
| Durability | Moderate | Excellent |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, gemstones have been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Moonstone has long been associated with love, passion, and fertility, believed to bring good luck and inspire beautiful dreams. Some cultures used it as a remedy for insomnia and sleepwalking, and it was known as “The Traveller’s Stone,” offering protection during nighttime journeys.
Alexandrite’s color-changing ability has led to its association with balance and transformation. Its ability to display different colors depending on the light source is often likened to the complexities of love, representing adaptability and inner growth. The sources suggest that Alexandrite symbolizes life’s dualities and the beauty of change.
In Tibetan culture, birthstones were used as protective talismans and bearers of good fortune, dating back to 1000 C.E. or earlier. Similarly, in Siam (Thailand), wearing specific stones and colors on different days of the week was a common practice, beginning in the late 19th century. Chinese culture valued gemstones displaying optical phenomena, pairing seven such stones with the days of the week.
Care and Cleaning
As previously mentioned, both Moonstone and Alexandrite require careful handling and cleaning. Moonstone’s lower hardness makes it susceptible to scratches and cracks, while Alexandrite, though more durable, should still be protected from harsh chemicals and extreme temperatures. The recommended cleaning method for both is warm, soapy water with a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic and steam cleaners, especially for Moonstone.
Conclusion
Alexandrite and Moonstone, both June birthstones, represent a fascinating intersection of geological wonder, historical significance, and cultural symbolism. Moonstone, with its ethereal glow and ancient associations, embodies love, dreams, and protection. Alexandrite, a more recent discovery, captivates with its remarkable color-changing ability, symbolizing balance, transformation, and the beauty of duality. Both gemstones offer unique qualities that make them cherished adornments and meaningful symbols for those born in June.