Peridot, spinel, and sardonyx represent the birthstones for the month of August, though peridot is perhaps the most widely recognized. This gem, ranging in color from yellowish-green to greenish-yellow, boasts a history steeped in ancient lore and a geological origin as unique as its vibrant hue. Often mistaken for emeralds or topaz in the past, peridot holds a distinct place in the world of gemstones, symbolizing power, influence, and a promising future for those born in August. This article will delve into the history, geological formation, gemological properties, and symbolism of peridot, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
The story of peridot stretches back millennia. Ancient civilizations valued this gem, with some historians suggesting that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may, in fact, have been largely composed of peridot. The gem’s history is intertwined with the Red Sea island of Topazios – ironically named, as the island was a significant source of peridot, not topaz. For centuries, the gem was known by this island’s name, leading to frequent misidentification.
Throughout history, peridot has been prized for its beauty and believed to possess protective qualities. In ancient Rome, it was favored for creating signet rings and seals, as hot wax was said not to adhere to the stone. The Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany’s Cologne Cathedral features approximately 200 carats of gems once believed to be emeralds, but now identified as peridot. This demonstrates the gem’s historical significance and its use in important religious artifacts.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is a variety of the mineral olivine, formed under extreme geological conditions. Its formation is particularly noteworthy, as it can be found in hardened lava, carried from deep within the Earth’s mantle, and even within meteorites originating from outer space. A recent discovery in Tanzania has yielded peridot in unusual hues, including pinkish and orangy-red, alongside more traditional purple and blue shades, captivating gem collectors.
While historically sourced from the Red Sea island of Topazios, peridot is now found in various locations around the globe. Tanzania is a notable modern source, as are other regions where volcanic activity has brought the gem closer to the surface.
Gemological Properties
Peridot’s chemical composition is that of olivine, though specific chemical formulas are not provided in the available sources. The gem typically exhibits a yellowish-green to greenish-yellow color, a characteristic that distinguishes it from other green gemstones. It registers an 8 on the Mohs scale of hardness, making it a relatively durable gem suitable for everyday wear, including in rings and other jewelry.
A 14k gold ring featuring peridot stones, with 3mm round cuts set in shared prongs, can weigh approximately 1.30 grams, with the peridot stones totaling 0.84 carats. A ring featuring seven such stones is described in one source. Another source details a peridot gemstone with a diameter of 0.6mm and a total weight of 0.6g, set in an 18k gold vermeil ring. Stone sizes can also vary, as evidenced by a specification of 6mm x 8mm oval peridot stones in a Celtic Trinity ring.
Peridot is generally stable when exposed to light and chemicals. However, exposure to high heat can cause some colors of the stone to fade. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners can generally be used for cleaning, though caution is advised if the stone contains fractures. Warm soapy water is always a safe alternative for maintaining its brilliance.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Peridot is often associated with symbolism of power, influence, and good fortune. It is described as a “stone of compassion,” suggesting a connection to emotional healing and positive energy. The bright green color of the gem is considered to stand out and possess healing perks. The August birthstone is believed to bring a wonderful year to the wearer.
Celtic tradition links peridot to the Trinity knots, representing phenomena that come in threes, such as earth, fire, and water, or, for Christians, the father, the son, and the holy spirit. This association adds a layer of spiritual significance to the gem, particularly in Irish Celtic jewelry designs.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, peridot is considered a durable gemstone. However, it is important to exercise care to maintain its brilliance. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners can be used, but caution is advised if the gem has any internal fractures. Warm, soapy water is always a safe and effective method for cleaning peridot jewelry. Avoid exposing the gem to high heat, as this can cause some colors to fade.
Purchasing and Market Considerations
Peridot is available in a range of settings, including 10k and 14k gold rings, often featuring Celtic designs. Rings can be crafted in yellow or white gold, offering options to suit individual preferences. The quality of peridot is often described using terms like “AAA quality,” indicating a high level of clarity and color.
When purchasing peridot jewelry, it is important to consider the metal purity (10k or 14k gold) and the size and cut of the stone. Variations in product color may occur due to differences in matrix images or display settings. Weight variations in both gold and gemstone are also possible, typically within a ±10% range, due to the handmade nature of the production process.
Variations in Peridot Jewelry
Peridot is featured in a variety of jewelry styles. Stackable rings with rose-cut peridot gemstones set in 18k gold vermeil over sterling silver are available. Celtic Trinity rings, incorporating genuine peridot, are also popular, often featuring oval-shaped stones. The design and setting of the peridot can significantly impact the overall aesthetic and value of the piece.
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Conclusion
Peridot, the captivating August birthstone, offers a rich blend of history, geological wonder, and symbolic meaning. From its ancient origins and association with Cleopatra to its unique formation within the Earth’s mantle and even meteorites, peridot continues to fascinate and inspire. Its durability, vibrant color, and perceived healing properties make it a cherished gemstone for jewelry and a meaningful gift for those born in the eighth month of the year. The gem’s enduring appeal lies in its celestial origins and the power and influence it is believed to bestow upon its wearer.