December is unique among the months, boasting not one, but three recognized birthstones: turquoise, zircon, and blue topaz. Each gemstone carries its own distinct history, properties, and symbolism, offering a diverse range of choices for those born in the final month of the year. This article will delve into the characteristics of each of these December birthstones, exploring their geological origins, historical significance, and modern appeal.
A Historical Perspective on December Birthstones
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month dates back centuries, with roots in biblical times and ancient astrological practices. Historians suggest a connection to the twelve gemstones adorning Aaron’s breastplate, representing the twelve tribes of Israel, and the belief that these stones possessed specific powers. Over time, these associations evolved, with astrologers linking gemstones to planetary influences and zodiac signs. Originally, zodiac stones and birthstones were largely synonymous, but the standardization efforts of the Jewelers of America in 1912 led to the modern birthstone chart, which has been updated periodically since.
While traditional birthstones held sway for many years, the modern list offers expanded options, allowing individuals to choose stones that resonate with them personally. In the case of December, both traditional and modern lists offer a selection of beautiful and meaningful gemstones. Turquoise and zircon represent the traditional choices, while blue topaz and, more recently, tanzanite have been added to the modern list.
Turquoise: A Stone of Protection and Love
Turquoise, with its captivating blue-green hue, has been prized for millennia. It is considered a traditional December birthstone, symbolizing love, success, and protection. Its use dates back to ancient civilizations, and it continues to be a popular choice today due to its affordability and durability.
The gemstone’s color is highly variable, ranging from sky blue to greenish-blue, often with matrix patterns – veins of other minerals that run through the stone. These matrix patterns are often considered desirable, adding to the stone’s unique character. Turquoise is relatively opaque and possesses a Mohs hardness of 8, making it suitable for everyday wear.
Zircon: A Colorful Gem with a Brilliant Luster
Zircon, another traditional December birthstone, is often confused with cubic zirconia, a synthetic diamond simulant. However, natural zircon is a distinct gemstone with a long and fascinating history. It is valued for its bright luster and availability in a wide range of colors.
Zircon’s color palette includes shades of brown, red, yellow, green, and blue. Colorless zircon can closely resemble diamond, and has historically been used as a diamond substitute. The gemstone boasts a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7.5, making it reasonably durable, though it requires careful handling to avoid scratches and chipping.
Blue Topaz: Calming and Communicative
Blue topaz is a prominent modern December birthstone, celebrated for its soothing and calming properties. The gemstone is believed to promote good communication, quiet chaos, and encourage restful sleep. It is often used in meditation practices due to its tranquil energy.
Blue topaz is not naturally occurring in a vibrant blue hue. Most blue topaz on the market is created through irradiation and heat treatment of colorless topaz. The resulting shades range from pale sky blue to deep London blue, offering a variety of options to suit different preferences. Blue topaz has a Mohs hardness of 8, making it a durable and practical choice for jewelry. Different shades are categorized as sky blue, Swiss blue, and London blue, based on the intensity of the color.
Gemological Properties Compared
The three December birthstones exhibit distinct gemological properties. The following table summarizes key characteristics:
| Gemstone | Color(s) | Mohs Hardness | Chemical Composition | Luster |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue-Green | 5-6 | Copper Aluminum Phosphate | Waxy |
| Zircon | Brown, Red, Yellow, Green, Blue | 6.5-7.5 | Zirconium Silicate | Adamantine |
| Blue Topaz | Bright Blue | 8 | Aluminum Silicate Fluoride | Vitreous |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of these December birthstones is associated with specific meanings and metaphysical properties. Turquoise is believed to bring good fortune and protect against negative energy. Zircon is thought to promote wisdom, honor, and prosperity. Blue topaz is associated with communication, tranquility, and emotional healing.
Historically, blue topaz was even given to individuals suffering from fever, believed to have a cooling effect. The calming properties of blue topaz continue to be recognized today, making it a popular choice for those seeking inner peace and emotional balance.
Sources and Mining Locations
Information regarding specific mining locations for these gemstones is limited within the provided sources. However, turquoise has been mined for thousands of years in various locations around the world, including Persia (modern-day Iran), Egypt, and the southwestern United States. Zircon is found in a variety of geological settings, including alluvial deposits and igneous rocks. Blue topaz is typically produced from colorless topaz sourced from Brazil, Nigeria, and Russia, which is then treated to achieve its blue hue.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of these December birthstones. Turquoise is relatively soft and porous, requiring gentle cleaning with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners. Zircon should be cleaned with a soft brush and warm, soapy water. Blue topaz is durable and can be cleaned with warm water, mild soap, and a soft brush. Avoid exposing any of these gemstones to extreme temperatures or sudden temperature changes.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – turquoise, zircon, and blue topaz – offer a rich tapestry of color, history, and symbolism. Whether one seeks the protective energy of turquoise, the brilliant luster of zircon, or the calming influence of blue topaz, these gemstones provide a meaningful connection to the month of December and the individuals born within it. The diversity of options allows for a personalized choice, reflecting individual preferences and beliefs.