August boasts a trio of captivating birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. These gemstones, each with a unique history and allure, represent the peak of summer’s beauty and offer a diverse palette of colors for those born in this month. From the vivid green of peridot to the rich hues of spinel and the banded patterns of sardonyx, these stones have held significance across cultures and throughout history. This article will delve into the origins, properties, and symbolism of these August birthstones, exploring their geological formation, historical uses, and enduring appeal.
History and Lore
August birthstones have a long and fascinating history, interwoven with myth, legend, and evolving cultural perceptions. Originally, the month of August was known as Sextilis, later renamed in honor of Emperor Augustus Caesar. While the modern association with peridot and spinel is well-established, sardonyx holds a place as the original birthstone for August, with a history stretching back over 4,000 years.
Throughout history, peridot has often been mistaken for other gems, including topaz and emerald. The island of Topazios in the Red Sea, believed to be a source of topaz, actually yielded significant quantities of peridot. Some historians even speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have consisted largely of peridot. The Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Cologne Cathedral features 200 carats of gems once thought to be emeralds, but now identified as peridot.
Spinel, until relatively recently, was often misidentified as ruby, particularly in historical collections. This gem was underappreciated for centuries, only gaining recognition as a distinct and valuable gemstone as consumer preferences shifted and gemological understanding advanced.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot, a gem variety of the mineral olivine, is formed under extreme conditions. It is found in hardened lava, carried from deep within the Earth’s mantle, and even within meteorites. While peridot found in Pallasite Meteorites is typically too small for jewelry, larger, gem-quality stones are brought to the surface by volcanic activity.
Spinel’s origins are similarly linked to geological forces, often forming in metamorphic rocks. Specific source locations are not detailed in the provided materials.
Sardonyx, a variety of chalcedony, is characterized by its banded composition of sard (reddish-brown) and onyx (black). The sources for sardonyx are not specified in the provided materials.
Gemological Properties
Peridot’s chemical formula is (Mg,Fe)2 SiO4, indicating its composition of magnesium, iron, and silicon dioxide. The amount of iron present influences its unique color and luster. Peridot is known for its vibrant green hues, ranging from yellow-green to brown-green. It is often referred to as the “evening emerald” due to its ability to sparkle under both natural and artificial light. However, it is distinct from emerald in its chemical composition and characteristics.
Spinel’s properties are not detailed in the provided materials beyond its range of colors – purple, pink, or blue.
Sardonyx’s properties are not detailed in the provided materials.
The following table summarizes the key properties of peridot, as described in the sources:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | (Mg,Fe)2 SiO4 |
| Composition | Magnesium, Iron, Silicon Dioxide |
| Color | Yellow-green to Brown-green |
| Luster | Unique, sparkling |
| Nickname | "Evening Emerald" |
| Formation | Volcanic lava, meteorites |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Ancient Hawaiians believed peridot represented the tears of Pele, the volcano goddess, imbuing the stone with a mystical allure. Beyond this specific cultural belief, the sources suggest that August birthstones generally symbolize qualities associated with the season – green foliage, romantic sunsets, and warm evenings.
Other birthstones associated with August carry their own symbolism. Ruby, a traditional Hindu birthstone for August, represents nobility, passion, protection, and prosperity. Sapphire, the Ayurvedic birthstone, symbolizes wisdom and spiritual truth. Diamond, the old Tibetan birthstone, is associated with compassion, commitment, and protection. Moonstone, another traditional August birthstone, is linked to lunar energy and nurturing energy, helping one accept love. Topaz, dating back to the 11th century, is a stone of optimism. Alexandrite is used for connecting to one’s guardians, building self-respect, willpower, and creativity.
Care and Cleaning
The provided materials do not offer specific care and cleaning instructions for these gemstones. However, given peridot’s composition and the general nature of gemstones, it is advisable to clean it with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, as these could potentially damage the stone.
Conclusion
The August birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – offer a rich tapestry of color, history, and symbolism. Peridot, with its volcanic origins and captivating green hue, stands as a testament to the Earth’s powerful forces. Spinel, once mistaken for ruby, has emerged as a gemstone in its own right, prized for its vibrant colors. Sardonyx, the original birthstone for August, continues to hold a place in the tradition of these summer gems. Whether chosen for their aesthetic beauty, historical significance, or perceived metaphysical properties, these stones represent a unique and meaningful connection to the month of August.