The tradition of birthstones, linking specific gemstones to months of the year, stretches back centuries, with roots in biblical times and ancient beliefs surrounding the powers of gemstones. Originally, these stones were thought to offer therapeutic benefits or act as talismans for those born in their corresponding month. While the modern list of birthstones was standardized in 1912 by the Jewelers of America and has been updated since, a fascinating aspect of these gems is their varying affordability and accessibility. This article will explore the birthstones associated with November and December, focusing on their historical context, gemological properties, symbolism, and relative value, as understood through available sources.
Historical Origins and Modern Standardization
The concept of birthstones evolved over time. Early associations between gemstones and the twelve tribes of Israel, as referenced in the breastplate of Aaron, laid the groundwork for assigning specific stones to months. However, these associations were not fixed and varied across cultures and historical periods. The standardization of birthstones in the 20th century aimed to create a more consistent and commercially viable system. Sources indicate that traditional birthstones often have deep historical and cultural roots, while modern birthstones reflect contemporary preferences and market availability. The chart provided in one source clearly delineates these traditional and modern assignments, highlighting the evolution of these associations.
November Birthstones: Topaz and Citrine
November is represented by two primary birthstones: Topaz and Citrine. Both are described as abundant in gem-producing regions worldwide, contributing to their relative affordability. Jupiter is considered the governing planet of yellow topaz, and the stone is regarded as a jewel of harmony and hospitality. It is linked to the Solar Plexus and Third Eye Chakras, believed to strengthen faith and optimism.
Citrine, often found as a natural yellow variety, is also available in lab-created forms, including hydrothermal and cubic zirconia options. This availability further contributes to its affordability. Both stones are considered lovely, valuable, and accessible options for those seeking November birthstone jewelry.
December Birthstones: Turquoise, Zircon, and Tanzanite
December boasts a trio of birthstones: Turquoise, Blue Zircon, and Tanzanite. These stones, while offering a range of beautiful colors, are also noted for their affordability. Colorless zircon is presented as a convincing alternative to diamond, while tanzanite is frequently used in place of sapphire. Turquoise, with its distinctive robin’s egg blue hue, is described as having an unrivaled color. Like November’s stones, lab-created versions of zircon are available, expanding options and accessibility.
Gemological Properties and Durability
The durability of a birthstone is a crucial factor in its longevity and appearance. The Mohs scale, a standard measure of mineral hardness, is used to assess a gemstone’s resistance to scratching and abrasion. Sources provide a comparison of birthstone hardness, revealing significant variations. Diamond, the April birthstone, tops the scale at 10, representing exceptional hardness. Sapphire and Ruby, both rated 9, also exhibit excellent durability.
However, some birthstones are considerably softer. Pearl, a June birthstone, registers a mere 2.5 on the Mohs scale, making it particularly susceptible to damage. Opal, the October birthstone, with a rating of 5.5, also requires careful handling. Topaz, a November birthstone, is relatively durable at 8 on the Mohs scale.
This variation in hardness impacts how a gemstone should be cared for and worn. Softer stones are more prone to scratches and should be protected from contact with harder materials.
Value and Rarity
The provided sources offer some insight into the relative value of birthstones. Diamond is consistently identified as the most expensive, due to its high market demand, exceptional hardness, brilliance, and cultural symbolism. Other rare stones, such as Ruby and Sapphire, also command high prices.
However, many birthstones are considered relatively affordable. Garnet, Amethyst, Topaz, Citrine, Turquoise, and Zircon are all described as being easier to find in large quantities, contributing to their lower cost. The sources emphasize that these stones are still lovely and valuable, offering attractive options for jewelry buyers on a budget. The average price per carat varies significantly, with diamonds reaching $5,000 per carat, while garnets are available for around $300 per carat.
A table summarizing the average price per carat, as provided in one source, is presented below:
| Month | Birthstone | Average Price (per carat) |
|---|---|---|
| January | Garnet | $300 |
| February | Amethyst | $150 |
| March | Blue | $500 |
| April | Diamond | $5,000 |
| May | Emerald | $1,200 |
| June | Pearl | $200 |
| July | Ruby | $1,000 |
| August | Peridot | $400 |
| September | Sapphire | $1,500 |
| October | Opal | $600 |
| November | Topaz | $200 |
| December | Tanzanite | $500 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
While the sources primarily focus on the gemological and economic aspects of birthstones, some mention of their symbolic meanings is present. Garnet symbolizes love and passion, while amethyst represents clarity and peace. Turquoise is associated with healing and protection. Topaz is linked to faith and optimism, and Opal is believed to enhance creativity and improve memory. These symbolic associations contribute to the enduring appeal of birthstones, offering a personal connection beyond their aesthetic qualities.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and luster of any gemstone. The sources suggest that soapy water is the best method for cleansing most gemstones. However, it is important to avoid prolonged exposure to water, as this can weaken some stones over time. For Opal, a softer stone, it is particularly important to avoid contact with harder gemstones to prevent scratching. Keeping birthstone jewelry separate from other pieces is recommended, especially if they contain stones of differing hardness.
Alternative Birthstones
The concept of alternative birthstones is also introduced, offering individuals greater choice and personalization options. These alternatives often cost less than traditional birthstones while still possessing unique appeal. The availability of alternative stones allows individuals to express their individuality and create truly one-of-a-kind jewelry pieces.
Conclusion
November and December birthstones offer a diverse range of options, from the warm hues of Topaz and Citrine to the vibrant blues of Turquoise and Zircon. These gemstones, while varying in hardness and value, share a common thread of historical significance and enduring appeal. The affordability of many of these stones makes them accessible to a wide audience, allowing individuals to connect with the tradition of birthstones without significant financial investment. The continued popularity of birthstones, as evidenced by their widespread use in jewelry, demonstrates their lasting cultural relevance and the enduring human fascination with the beauty and symbolism of gemstones.