July 19th falls within the month of July, whose birthstone is the ruby. This gemstone has captivated people for centuries with its vibrant red color and deep symbolic meaning. Known as the "King of Precious Stones," ruby is not only one of the most valuable colored gemstones but also carries a rich history of cultural significance, metaphysical properties, and geological rarity. This article delves into the history, properties, symbolism, and care of the ruby, offering a comprehensive understanding of the July birthstone.
History and Lore
The ruby has long been regarded as one of the most precious and powerful gemstones in human history. Its deep red color, often described as "pigeon's blood," has made it a symbol of passion, vitality, and regal authority. The name "ruby" comes from the Latin word ruber, meaning "red," a reference to the gemstone's defining characteristic.
Historically, ruby was called the "king of precious stones" in ancient India, where it was believed to possess mystical powers. It was associated with the life force of blood and was considered a symbol of power and youthful energy in Indian jewelry. In past centuries, some cultures believed that rubies could predict misfortune or danger, while others claimed they could cure inflammatory diseases and soothe anger. Burmese warriors, in particular, believed that rubies made them invincible in battle.
In medieval Europe, rubies were thought to bestow health, wisdom, wealth, and success in love. These beliefs were often tied to the ruby's color, which was associated with vitality and life. The ruby was also believed to have protective qualities, making it a popular gemstone among royalty and warriors.
Interestingly, rubies appear explicitly in the Bible four times, highlighting their ancient significance and value. Royal families around the world have prized these gems as symbols of power and wealth, with many historical artifacts and crowns featuring ruby as a central stone.
Geological Formation and Sources
Ruby is a variety of the mineral corundum, which is also the base for sapphires. The red color in ruby is due to trace amounts of the element chromium. The more chromium present, the stronger the red coloration. The finest rubies exhibit a deep red with a hint of purple, a color known in the trade as "pigeon's blood." This hue is considered the most valuable and sought-after ruby color.
The hardness of ruby is second only to that of diamond, with a rating of 9 on the Mohs scale. This makes it highly durable and suitable for everyday wear, a characteristic that has contributed to its popularity in jewelry.
Ruby is found in various parts of the world, though the most renowned sources are in Myanmar (formerly Burma), Thailand, and Sri Lanka. In recent years, other countries such as Tanzania, Afghanistan, and Vietnam have also emerged as significant ruby-producing regions. The quality of rubies can vary based on their source, with Burmese rubies historically being the most prized for their intense color and clarity.
It is worth noting that some gemstones historically referred to as rubies are actually spinels. For example, the Black Prince's Ruby in the British Imperial State Crown is a spinel, not a ruby. These stones were once called "Balas rubies" and were highly valued before the distinction between ruby and spinel was understood.
Gemological Properties
Ruby is a corundum gemstone with the chemical formula Al₂O₃ (aluminum oxide), with trace amounts of chromium responsible for its red color. It has a refractive index of 1.76 to 1.78, and its density ranges between 3.95 and 4.10 g/cm³. These properties contribute to its brilliance and fire when cut and polished.
The color of a ruby is its most defining and valuable characteristic. The finest rubies exhibit a deep red with a subtle purple undertone, known in the trade as "pigeon's blood." This color is highly prized and often commands the highest prices in the gemstone market. However, rubies can range in color from pinkish-red to purplish-red, with the most valuable specimens typically displaying the most intense and saturated red.
In terms of clarity, ruby can vary from eye-clean to having inclusions visible to the naked eye. While inclusions are common in natural rubies, they do not always detract from the stone's value, as certain types of inclusions are considered characteristic of natural ruby and can even enhance its beauty.
Ruby is a durable gemstone, with a hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale. This makes it suitable for use in a variety of jewelry settings, including rings, earrings, and pendants. However, it is important to note that rubies can have cleavage planes, which can make them susceptible to chipping if struck in the right direction. Therefore, care should be taken when wearing and cleaning ruby jewelry.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The ruby has long been associated with powerful symbolism across various cultures. In many traditions, it is seen as a symbol of love, passion, and vitality. Its deep red color, similar to that of blood, has led to associations with life force and energy. In ancient India, ruby was believed to bring youth and energy to the wearer, making it a popular stone for those seeking vitality.
In medieval Europe, rubies were thought to bestow health, wisdom, and wealth. They were also believed to enhance success in love, making them a popular choice for engagement rings and other romantic jewelry. These beliefs were often tied to the ruby's color and its perceived connection to the heart and life force.
Modern metaphysical beliefs also attribute powerful properties to ruby. It is often considered a stone of protection, particularly for those facing challenges or dangers. It is believed to strengthen the wearer's inner fire and courage, making it a valuable stone for those seeking confidence and determination.
Ruby is also associated with abundance and manifestation. In some traditions, it is believed to help individuals attract what they desire and overcome obstacles. It is often used in meditation and healing practices to stimulate the heart chakra and promote emotional balance.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its high hardness and durability, ruby is relatively easy to care for. However, it is important to take certain precautions to ensure its longevity and beauty. Ruby can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush, as well as with steam or ultrasonic cleaners. However, it is important to avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive materials, which can damage the gemstone.
When storing ruby jewelry, it is best to keep it in a soft cloth or a jewelry box with separate compartments to prevent scratching or chipping. If a ruby has surface-reaching inclusions or is mounted in a way that could expose it to impact, it should be handled with extra care.
Ruby should also be protected from extreme temperature changes, as sudden shifts can cause stress and potential damage. It is not recommended to expose ruby to high heat, as this can affect its color or structural integrity.
Conclusion
Ruby, the July birthstone, is a gemstone of exceptional beauty, history, and symbolism. Its deep red color, second only in hardness to diamond, has made it a symbol of power, vitality, and love across cultures and centuries. From ancient India to medieval Europe, ruby has been cherished for its perceived mystical properties and regal associations. Today, it remains one of the most valuable and sought-after colored gemstones in the world.
Whether worn as a piece of jewelry, a symbol of protection, or a token of love, ruby continues to captivate and inspire. Its rich history, geological rarity, and vibrant color make it a gemstone that is as enduring as it is beautiful.