Aquamarine, a gem evoking the colors of the sea, holds a prominent place as one of the birthstones for March, alongside bloodstone. Its name, derived from the Latin “aqua marina” meaning seawater, hints at its captivating hue and the historical beliefs surrounding its protective qualities. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and symbolism of aquamarine, drawing solely from available sources.
History and Lore
Ancient mariners held aquamarine in high regard, believing the gem possessed the power to calm waves and ensure safe passage across the seas. This belief stemmed from its resemblance to the ocean’s depths, fostering a connection between the stone and the maritime world. Beyond seafaring protection, aquamarine was also thought to bring happiness in marriage and offer broader benefits to its wearer. Historical accounts suggest that beryl, the mineral family to which aquamarine belongs, was believed to protect against foes in battle and legal disputes, rendering the wearer unconquerable and amiable while also sharpening the intellect.
A notable example of aquamarine’s historical significance is the gift presented to First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt in 1936 by the Brazilian government. This dark blue, rectangular step-cut aquamarine weighed an impressive 1,298 carats and was one of two stones faceted from a rough piece weighing 2.9 pounds. Today, it resides at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum in Hyde Park, New York. Further demonstrating the gem’s grandeur, the Smithsonian Institution houses the Dom Pedro Aquamarine, believed to be the largest faceted aquamarine in the world, weighing 10,363 carats. This approximately 14-inch high obelisk was skillfully crafted using the fantasy cut technique by German lapidary Berndt Munsteiner.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine is a variety of the mineral beryl, a beryllium aluminum cyclosilicate. It forms in pegmatite deposits, which are coarse-grained igneous rocks. These deposits are found in both primary (hard rock) and secondary (weathered) formations. The Brazilian state of Minas Gerais has been a significant source of aquamarine for over two centuries. The landscape of Minas Gerais is diverse, featuring rocky hills, rivers, scrub brush, savannahs, forests, and lush green hills, all contributing to the gem’s formation and discovery. Aquamarines are specifically found in the eastern portion of the state, near the gem center of Teófilo Otoni.
Gemological Properties
Aquamarine’s color ranges from deep green-blue to light, slightly greenish blue hues. High-quality aquamarines are often remarkably clear, resembling pure water. The gem is typically faceted, allowing its brilliance to shine, though cabochon cuts are also utilized. While specific details regarding hardness or refractive index are not provided in the available sources, aquamarine is understood to be a durable gemstone suitable for various jewelry settings. It is part of the cryptocrystalline quartz family.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolism associated with aquamarine is deeply rooted in its name and appearance. Representing the purity of spirit and soul, the gem is often linked to clarity, tranquility, and courage. Historically, it was believed to offer protection, both at sea and in personal endeavors. While the sources do not detail extensive metaphysical beliefs beyond these historical associations, the gem continues to be valued for its perceived ability to promote well-being and positive energy.
Care and Cleaning
The available sources do not provide specific care and cleaning instructions for aquamarine. However, given its composition as a variety of beryl, standard gemstone care practices would likely apply.
Aquamarine and Birthstones
Aquamarine shares the honor of being a March birthstone with bloodstone. While bloodstone is described as a dark-green cabochon with red inclusions, aquamarine stands out for its clarity and serene blue tones. The choice between the two birthstones often comes down to personal preference, as both are believed to offer unique benefits to those born in March. Aquamarine is also traditionally given as a gift on the 19th wedding anniversary, symbolizing enduring love and happiness.
Other Gemstones and Birthstone Connections
The sources briefly mention other gemstones and their connections to birthstones and astrology. Opal, celebrated as the October birthstone, is noted for its play-of-color and varieties like black opal (primarily from Lightning Ridge, Australia), white opal (Coober Pedy and White Cliffs, Australia), and boulder opal (Queensland, Australia). Fire opal, found in Mexico, is also highlighted for its translucent nature and range of colors. The sources also touch upon the broader context of birthstones, mentioning the existence of mystical birthstones, zodiac birthstones, and even gemstones assigned to specific days of the week. The Western zodiac, with its twelve signs and four elements, and the Eastern zodiac, with its twelve animals and five elements, are briefly outlined, demonstrating the complex interplay between astrology and gemology.
Discoveries and Naming
Several gemstones are noted for their relatively recent discoveries and the origins of their names. Jeremejevite was discovered in 1883 in Russia and named after its discoverer, Pawel Wladimirowich Jeremejew. Chambersite was found in 1957 in Texas and named after its location. Taaffeite was discovered in 1945 and named after Count Edward Charles Richard Taaffe. Musgravite was found in 1967 in Australia and named after the Musgrave Mountains. Grandidierite was discovered in Madagascar in 1902 and named in honor of Alfred Grandidier. Poudretteite was discovered in Canada in 1965 and named after the Poudrette family. Serendibite was discovered in Sri Lanka in 1902 and named after Serendib, the old Arabic name for Sri Lanka. Zektzerite was discovered in Washington, USA, in 1968 and named after Jack Zektzer. The origin of the word “opal” remains somewhat uncertain, with potential roots in the Ancient Greek “opallios” or the Sanskrit “upala.”
Conclusion
Aquamarine, the captivating March birthstone, continues to enchant with its serene beauty and rich history. From its ancient associations with safe sea voyages to its modern-day symbolism of purity and courage, aquamarine remains a cherished gemstone. Its geological origins in the pegmatite deposits of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and its stunning clarity and color make it a prized possession for jewelry enthusiasts and a meaningful gift for those born in March. The gem’s enduring appeal is a testament to its timeless elegance and the enduring power of symbolism in the world of gemstones.