August boasts a unique distinction among the birthstones: not one, but three gemstones represent the month – Sardonyx, Spinel, and Peridot. Each possesses a distinct history, geological origin, and set of properties, offering a diverse range of choices for those born in August or seeking a meaningful gemstone for gifting. This article will delve into the origins, characteristics, and symbolism of these three captivating birthstones, drawing solely from available sources.
History and Lore
The earliest associations between gemstones and specific months trace back to Biblical times. The Book of Exodus describes a breastplate adorned with twelve gemstones, each representing one of the tribes of Israel. Over time, these gemstones became linked to the months of the year, signifying a particular relevance to each. While the initial connections are ancient, the standardization of birthstone lists is a more recent development. In 1912, the Jewelers of America established an official list, prioritizing commercially available stones.
Sardonyx holds a particularly long history, having been utilized in ancient times for wax seals and as a talisman believed to ward off negative energy and bring courage, strength, and protection. Spinel, however, was historically misidentified as ruby and sapphire until the late 19th century, only then being recognized as a distinct mineral. Peridot’s history is also rich, with some historians suggesting that Cleopatra’s favored “emeralds” were, in fact, peridot. It was believed to protect against nightmares and evil spirits, symbolizing strength, courage, and abundance.
Geological Formation and Sources
Each of these August birthstones originates through different geological processes and is found in various locations worldwide. Sardonyx is a variety of chalcedony, a banded form of silica, composed of layers of red-brown sard and white onyx. It can be found in India, Brazil, and the United States.
Spinel’s formation occurs in metamorphic rocks and is sourced from Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and Myanmar, among other locations. Its brilliance and durability contribute to its value. Peridot, a variety of olivine, forms deep within the Earth’s mantle and is often found in Egypt, Myanmar, and the United States.
Gemological Properties
Understanding the gemological properties of each stone is crucial for appreciation and proper care.
Sardonyx possesses a hardness of 6.5 out of 10 on the Mohs scale, indicating moderate durability. It is composed of bands of red-brown sard and white onyx.
Spinel is highly valued for its brilliance and durability, scoring between 7.5 and 8 on the Mohs scale. It is notable for occurring in almost every color, with bright red and pink varieties being particularly prized as alternatives to ruby.
Peridot ranks 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale. It is uniquely known for appearing only in green shades, typically an olive green hue.
Here's a table summarizing the key gemological properties:
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Hardness (Mohs) | Color(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sardonyx | Silica (Chalcedony) | 6.5 | Red-brown and White (banded) |
| Spinel | Magnesium Aluminum Oxide | 7.5-8 | Almost Every Color |
| Peridot | Olivine | 6.5-7 | Green (Olive) |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Beyond their aesthetic appeal, these gemstones have accumulated layers of symbolism and metaphysical beliefs throughout history. Sardonyx is believed to promote courage, self-control, and motivation. Spinel is associated with enhancing vitality, promoting positive energy, and fostering a sense of peace and calm. Peridot is thought to promote positivity, happiness, and confidence.
These beliefs, while not scientifically verifiable, contribute to the enduring appeal of these stones and their significance as birthstones. The association with specific qualities and energies adds a personal dimension to the gemstones, making them more than just beautiful objects.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of these August birthstones. Given their varying hardness levels, different approaches are recommended.
Sardonyx, with a hardness of 6.5, requires gentle handling to avoid scratches. Cleaning can be done with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Spinel, being more durable (7.5-8), can withstand more rigorous cleaning, but ultrasonic cleaners should be avoided. Peridot, also with a hardness of 6.5-7, should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush, as it can be susceptible to damage from harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners. It is advisable to remove jewelry containing these stones before engaging in strenuous activities to prevent damage.
Additional Notes on Gemstone Variety
While ruby is often associated with July, spinel was historically mistaken for ruby, and high-quality red or pink spinels can serve as a beautiful and more affordable alternative. Similarly, the variety of colors available in spinel makes it a versatile choice for jewelry design. Peridot’s consistent green coloration distinguishes it, and its historical association with Cleopatra adds to its allure.
Conclusion
August’s birthstones – Sardonyx, Spinel, and Peridot – represent a fascinating blend of history, geology, and symbolism. From ancient talismans to modern jewelry, these gemstones have captivated people for centuries. Each stone offers unique properties and aesthetic qualities, making them meaningful choices for those born in August or anyone seeking a gemstone with a rich and compelling story. Their diverse origins and enduring symbolism ensure their continued relevance in the world of gemstones.