December is unique among the calendar months, boasting not one, but four recognized birthstones: Tanzanite, Turquoise, Zircon, and Blue Topaz. Each of these gemstones presents a distinct shade of blue, mirroring the cool tones of the winter season, and carries its own rich history and significance. While Turquoise holds the longest tradition as a December birthstone, the inclusion of Tanzanite, Zircon, and Blue Topaz offers a diverse range of options for those born in the twelfth month. This article will explore the origins, properties, and lore surrounding each of these captivating gems.
A History of December Birthstones
The association of gemstones with specific months dates back to ancient times, often linked to astrological signs and believed metaphysical properties. Ruby was historically connected with December in ancient traditions, believed to sharpen the mind and encourage affection. Chrysoprase served as the old Russian birthstone for the month, thought to bring good fortune and heal emotional wounds. Similarly, Onyx held significance as the Tibetan December birthstone, representing self-mastery and protection, while Bloodstone was a traditional choice, embodying courage and vitality.
However, the modern selection of December birthstones has evolved over time. Turquoise has a long and storied past, appreciated since at least 3000 B.C. in ancient civilizations like Egypt and Mexico. It was even found adorning the mask of Tutankhamun. Prior to the 1950s, Lapis Lazuli was also considered a December birthstone, valued by ancient royalty and artists for its association with self-mastery and protection.
Zircon officially replaced Lapis Lazuli as a recognized December birthstone in 1952. More recently, Tanzanite was added to the list by the American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) in 2002, becoming a popular choice for December babies. Blue Topaz, while not always listed among the traditional three, is a beloved option for its calming energy and icy blue clarity. The variety of choices reflects the evolving understanding and appreciation of gemstones throughout history.
Tanzanite: A Recent Discovery
Tanzanite is the newest addition to the December birthstone family, discovered in Tanzania in 1967. Its introduction to the international market was largely due to a successful marketing campaign by Tiffany & Co. This gemstone is a variety of the mineral zoisite, and its name reflects its origin. Currently, Tanzania remains the sole source of Tanzanite, and deposits are believed to be finite, potentially depleting within a few decades.
Typically displaying a violet color with brownish tones, Tanzanite is often treated to enhance its blue-violet hues. This treatment is common practice to achieve the more desirable and intense colors sought after by gem enthusiasts. Tanzanite is valued for its soothing and protective qualities, believed to help individuals share spiritual insights with calm and clarity.
Turquoise: A Stone of Ancient Civilizations
Turquoise is perhaps the most traditionally recognized December birthstone, with a history stretching back millennia. It has been used as an ornamental gemstone since ancient times, appearing in artifacts dating back to 3000 B.C. and possibly earlier in ancient Egypt. Ancient civilizations, particularly in Mexico, greatly valued Turquoise, associating it with good luck and spiritual healing.
The stone’s color ranges from sky-blue to greenish-blue, often with matrix patterns that add to its unique character. Turquoise is believed to offer protection and prosperity, and was considered a talisman by ancient shamans.
Zircon: A Sparkling Substitute for Diamond
Zircon, a natural mineral composed of zirconium silicate, is another December birthstone with a long history. Dating back over 4.4 billion years, it is one of the oldest minerals on Earth. Zircon exhibits remarkable brilliance and fire due to its high refractive index, making colorless zircon a viable alternative to diamond.
While Zircon comes in a variety of colors – red, brown, yellow, green, and colorless – blue zircon is the most popular variety associated with December. Its density is approximately 50% higher than that of diamond, contributing to its substantial feel and sparkle. Zircon is believed to encourage joy and emotional balance.
Blue Topaz: Clarity and Calming Energy
Blue Topaz completes the quartet of December birthstones. Though not always listed among the traditional choices, it is a widely beloved gem for its icy blue clarity and calming energy. The color blue is strongly associated with December birthstones, and Blue Topaz perfectly embodies this connection. It is believed to stimulate self-esteem and enhance learning abilities, aiding in navigating complex ideas. Blue Topaz is also thought to align meridians, calm emotions, and facilitate spiritual connection, making it an excellent stone for meditation.
Gemological Properties at a Glance
The following table summarizes key gemological properties of the December birthstones:
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Color(s) | Hardness (Mohs) | Origin(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tanzanite | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH) | Violet-blue, Blue-violet | 6.5 - 7 | Tanzania |
| Turquoise | CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O | Sky-blue, Greenish-blue | 5 - 6 | Various (Iran, USA) |
| Zircon | ZrSiO₄ | Blue, Red, Brown, Yellow | 6.5 - 7.5 | Sri Lanka, Cambodia |
| Blue Topaz | Al₂SiO₄(OH,F)₂ | Blue | 8 | Brazil, Nigeria |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of the December birthstones carries unique symbolism and metaphysical beliefs. Turquoise is associated with good luck, protection, and prosperity. Tanzanite is believed to facilitate spiritual connection and calm communication. Zircon is thought to promote joy and emotional balance, while Blue Topaz is linked to self-esteem, learning, and emotional tranquility. These beliefs, rooted in ancient traditions and cultural lore, continue to resonate with those who cherish these gemstones.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of December birthstones. All gemstones are unique and variations in color and inclusions are natural. Regular cleansing and energizing are recommended. Gemstones can be bathed in full moonlight to revitalize their energy. Cleansing can also be achieved by placing them on a piece of selenite or moving them through the smoke of sage. It is advisable to remove jewelry daily to allow the gemstones to rest and prevent damage.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – Tanzanite, Turquoise, Zircon, and Blue Topaz – represent a captivating array of colors, histories, and beliefs. From the ancient origins of Turquoise to the recent discovery of Tanzanite, each gem offers a unique connection to the month of December. Whether chosen for their aesthetic beauty, historical significance, or perceived metaphysical properties, these stones provide a meaningful and personal connection for those born in the final month of the year. Their diverse range of blues perfectly captures the essence of the winter season, making them cherished treasures for generations to come.