Birthstones, as captivating gems linked to specific months, have long been believed to bestow fortune and strength upon those born within those periods. These precious colored stones, with their varied hues and enigmatic appeal, continue to fascinate and inspire, finding their place in treasured jewelry and sentimental gifts. The history and symbolism of these stones are rich and complex, evolving over time while maintaining a core connection to tradition and personal meaning.
History and Origin
The practice of associating gemstones with specific months has ancient roots. Historical accounts suggest a connection between the twelve stones adorning Aaron’s breastplate, as described in biblical texts, and the twelve months of the year. This association evolved over centuries, with different cultures attributing various meanings and powers to specific stones. While the modern birthstone chart is a relatively recent development, the underlying concept of a gemstone linked to one’s birth month has persisted for millennia.
The list of birthstones has undergone changes over the years, with more modern gems being added to the traditional list. For example, Tanzanite, a relatively recent discovery, has become a popular choice for those born in December. In the United States, individuals often draw from both traditional and modern lists, selecting stones that resonate with their personal preferences. The availability and cost of gemstones also play a role in selection, with some traditional stones, like turquoise and cultivated pearls, remaining popular due to their accessibility.
January: Garnet – A Stone of Loyalty and Protection
The January birthstone, Garnet, is most often recognized for its deep red hue, though it appears in a spectrum of colors including purple, pink, green, yellow, orange, and even black or clear varieties. Historically, Garnets were carried by ancient travelers as protective talismans, believed to illuminate the night and safeguard against harm. The stone is associated with traits such as love, loyalty, purity, balance, strength, and strong feelings. The name "Garnet" itself is derived from the Latin word "granatus," meaning pomegranate, likely referencing the stone’s resemblance to the fruit’s seeds. Garnet accounts for 8.16% of all birthstone purchases nationally.
February: Amethyst – Serenity and Inner Strength
Amethyst, a serene violet quartz, is the birthstone for February. This gem embodies qualities of peace, bravery, and stability, serving as a reminder of the inner strength and clarity possessed by those born in this month. It is also seen as a symbol of enduring bonds and cherished relationships.
March: Aquamarine – Rejuvenation and Vitality
The tranquil blue of Aquamarine, reminiscent of serene ocean waters, is the birthstone for March. This gem symbolizes the rejuvenating power of youth, the optimism of hope, and the vitality of health. Its calming aura is believed to bring peace and clarity. Aquamarine accounts for 8.29% of all birthstone purchases nationally.
April: Diamond – Enduring Love and Resilience
Diamonds, renowned for their unmatched brilliance, are the birthstone for April. They symbolize enduring love and unbreakable strength, serving as a beacon of courage and reminding wearers of their inherent resilience. Both natural and synthetic diamonds offer dazzling options for those born in April. Diamonds account for 7.95% of all birthstone purchases nationally.
May: Emerald – A Symbol of Rebirth
Green Emerald is the birthstone for May.
June: Pearl – Timeless Elegance
Pearl is the birthstone for June, accounting for 8.33% of all birthstone purchases nationally.
July: Ruby – Passion and Protection
Ruby is the birthstone for July, and is the most common birthstone in eleven states.
August: Peridot – A Vibrant Gem
Peridot is the birthstone for August, and is the most common birthstone in thirty-eight states.
September: Sapphire – Wisdom and Nobility
Sapphire is the birthstone for September, and is the most common birthstone in Hawaii.
October: Opal – A Play of Color
Opal, Australia’s national gemstone, is the birthstone for October.
November: Topaz – Affection and Strength
Topaz is the birthstone for November, accounting for 8.07% of all birthstone purchases nationally. Blue Topaz, in particular, is a popular choice, with variations like London Blue, Swiss Blue, and Sky Blue frequently crafted into jewelry. The name "Topaz" originates from the Greek word "Topazion," meaning fire. Historically, blue topaz was believed to offer protection, while in modern times, it is often seen as a symbol of love and endearment. It is also a traditional gift for fourth and nineteenth wedding anniversaries.
December: A Trio of Choices – Tanzanite, Zircon, and Turquoise
December boasts not one, but three birthstones: Tanzanite, Zircon, and Turquoise. Blue Topaz is also associated with December as the astrological gemstone for Sagittarius and Capricorn. Turquoise, with its robin’s egg blue hue, is a traditional choice, while Tanzanite, a relatively recent discovery, offers a rich blue-purple color. Turquoise accounts for 8.32% of all birthstone purchases nationally.
Gemstone Popularity and Geographic Distribution
Analysis of birthstone purchases reveals interesting trends in popularity and geographic distribution. Peridot (August) is the most common birthstone nationally, appearing as the most frequent choice in 38 states. Ruby (July) follows closely, being the most common in 11 states. Sapphire (September) and Emerald (May) each hold the top spot in one state – Hawaii and Wyoming, respectively. These variations likely reflect regional birth rate patterns and consumer preferences.
The Rarest Birthstones
Amethyst, tied to the shortest month of the year (February), consistently ranks as one of the rarest birthstones. The differences in purchase frequency, though seemingly small, highlight the varying availability and demand for each gem.