December is unique among months, boasting not one, but four recognized birthstones: turquoise, tanzanite, blue topaz, and zircon. Each of these gemstones offers distinct aesthetic qualities and, according to various traditions, carries unique symbolism. This article will explore the characteristics, origins, and care of these December birthstones, drawing solely from available information.
History and Lore
Turquoise, a longstanding gemstone, is an opaque stone typically exhibiting shades of blue to bluish-green, often marked with veining. It is frequently fashioned into cabochons. Blue topaz, representing strength, success, luck, forgiveness, and happiness, is also associated with December. Tanzanite, a relatively recent addition to the birthstone list, is named after Tanzania, the only known location where it is found. Zircon, also a December birthstone, is not detailed in the provided sources beyond its association with the month.
The sources do not provide extensive historical details regarding the use of these stones in ancient cultures or their evolution as birthstones. However, the continued association of these gems with December suggests a sustained cultural significance.
Geological Formation and Sources
The provided sources offer limited information regarding the geological formation of these gemstones. Tanzanite is specifically noted as originating exclusively from Tanzania. The sources do not detail the geological processes involved in the formation of turquoise, blue topaz, or zircon, nor do they specify other mining locations beyond Tanzania for tanzanite.
Gemological Properties
Each of the December birthstones possesses unique gemological properties.
Turquoise is described as an opaque stone, meaning light does not pass through it. Its color ranges from blue to bluish-green and is often characterized by marbling or veining. It is commonly cut into cabochons, a rounded, polished shape.
Blue Topaz is a transparent gemstone. While the sources mention a variety of colors topaz can exhibit – colorless, yellowish brown, gray, pale green, blue, lavender, and red – the most prized color is described as wine-yellow. The blue form is specifically linked to December.
Tanzanite is identified as the blue form of the mineral zoisite. Its transparency is implied by its description as a gemstone.
Zircon is also listed as a December birthstone, but no gemological properties are provided in the sources.
A comparative table summarizing the limited available properties is presented below:
| Gemstone | Transparency | Color | Common Cut |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Opaque | Blue to bluish-green, often veined | Cabochon |
| Blue Topaz | Transparent | Blue | Not specified |
| Tanzanite | Transparent | Blue | Not specified |
| Zircon | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The sources attribute specific meanings to some of the December birthstones. Blue topaz is said to represent strength, success, luck, forgiveness, and happiness. Opal, while not a December birthstone, is noted to represent hope, good fortune, and purity. The sources do not detail any specific symbolism associated with turquoise, tanzanite, or zircon.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of each gemstone.
Turquoise requires gentle cleaning with a soft cloth. Harsh treatments like ultrasonic cleaners and contact with acids, cosmetics, or grease should be avoided.
Topaz should be cleaned with a soft cloth and warm, soapy water. It is crucial to avoid sudden temperature changes and prolonged exposure to light, as these can affect the color. Storage away from direct light is recommended.
Tanzanite can be cleaned with a soft brush and jewelry cleaner or warm, soapy water. However, chemicals, ultrasonic cleaning, and striking the stone against hard surfaces should be avoided.
Tiger’s-eye, while not a December birthstone, is mentioned as requiring cleaning with a soft brush and jewelry cleaner or warm, soapy water.
Other gemstones mentioned in the sources, and their care instructions, include:
- Ruby: Clean with a soft brush and jewelry cleaner or warm, soapy water.
- Sapphire: Clean with a soft brush and jewelry cleaner or warm, soapy water.
- Morganite: Clean with a soft brush and warm, soapy water.
- Mother-of-Pearl: Gently clean with a soft cloth and warm, soapy water, avoiding chemicals or scratches.
- Onyx: Clean with warm water and a soft cloth, avoiding sharp blows.
- Opal: Wipe with lukewarm water and a soft cloth, avoiding heat, solvents, abrasions, and ultrasonic cleaners.
- Peridot: Clean with a soft brush and jewelry cleaner or warm, soapy water, avoiding chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and acids.
- Citrine: Clean with a soft brush and jewelry cleaner or warm, soapy water.
- Chalcedony: Clean with a soft cloth and warm soapy water; ultrasonic and steam cleaners can be used.
- Cat’s-Eye (Chrysoberyl): Clean with a soft, damp cloth or have it cleaned by a jeweler, avoiding ultrasonic cleaners and extreme temperatures.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – turquoise, tanzanite, blue topaz, and zircon – represent a diverse range of aesthetic qualities and, according to tradition, carry unique symbolism. While the provided sources offer limited detail regarding their geological origins and historical significance, they provide essential information regarding their basic properties and proper care. Turquoise, with its opaque blue-green hues, contrasts with the transparency of blue topaz and tanzanite. Proper cleaning and storage, tailored to each gemstone’s specific properties, are crucial for preserving their beauty for generations. The association of these gemstones with December continues to enrich the cultural significance of these captivating gems.