June boasts a unique distinction among the birthstones, possessing not one, but three recognized gems: alexandrite, pearl, and moonstone. While pearl holds a long-standing traditional association with the month, alexandrite has emerged as a prominent modern choice, celebrated for its remarkable color-changing properties. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological characteristics, and symbolism of these captivating gemstones, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
The concept of birthstones traces its roots back to ancient times, with early connections found in the Book of Exodus and the Breastplate of Aaron, which held twelve gemstones representing the tribes of Israel. Scholar Flavius Josephus, in the 1st century A.D., and later St. Jerome, proposed a link between these gems, the months of the year, and the zodiac signs, suggesting a connection between astrological alignment and the stones’ perceived miraculous properties. This belief fostered a tradition of wearing all twelve stones for their protective and beneficial qualities.
Pearl, in particular, has been admired since antiquity, predating its formal designation as a June birthstone. Its name originates from the Latin word ‘Perna,’ referencing the leg-of-mutton shape of an open mollusk shell. Ancient Greeks and Romans fashioned pearls into vessels for beverages, believing they could prevent intoxication.
Alexandrite, by contrast, is a relatively recent discovery, first identified in the Ural Mountains of Russia in the 1830s. Its discovery coincided with the reign of Czar Alexander II, leading to its namesake. The gem quickly gained recognition for its unusual ability to change color depending on the light source.
Geological Formation and Sources
Alexandrite is a variety of the mineral chrysoberyl, formed within the Earth’s crust. The original and historically most prized alexandrite originated in the Ural Mountains of Russia. However, these mines eventually became depleted, raising concerns about the gem’s availability. Fortunately, subsequent discoveries in Brazil provided a new source of this rare gemstone.
Pearls, unlike alexandrite, are organic gemstones formed within mollusks – oysters, mussels, and abalone. They develop as a defense mechanism against irritants, with layers of nacre (mother-of-pearl) building up around the intruder.
Moonstone, also a June birthstone, belongs to the feldspar mineral family, commonly found in igneous and metamorphic rocks. While found in various locations including the USA, Brazil, Australia, Myanmar, and Madagascar, the most valuable moonstones are traditionally sourced from Sri Lanka, exhibiting a shimmering pale blue color.
Gemological Properties
Alexandrite is renowned for its dramatic color change. It appears green in daylight or fluorescent light, but shifts to a captivating red under incandescent light. This phenomenon is due to its ability to absorb different wavelengths of light under varying conditions. Alexandrite is a harder gemstone than amethyst, and is a variety of the mineral chrysoberyl.
Pearls are judged on their luster, color, size, shape, and surface quality. Their composition is primarily calcium carbonate in crystalline form, which has been deposited in concentric layers.
Moonstone’s appearance is characterized by its adularescence, a shimmering effect caused by the scattering of light within its layered structure. It is a member of the feldspar group of minerals.
The following table summarizes the modern and traditional birthstones for June:
| Month | Modern Birthstone | Traditional Birthstone |
|---|---|---|
| June | Alexandrite | Pearl |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Alexandrite, with its ability to adapt and reveal different colors, is associated with balance, transformation, harmony, adaptability, and inner growth. Its rarity and mystique contribute to its cherished status among collectors.
Pearls have long been symbols of purity, wisdom, and timeless beauty. Their association with the ocean and their organic origin contribute to their perceived connection to emotions and intuition.
Moonstone is believed to symbolize good health and the unfolding of spiritual and psychic development. The name "Moonstone" itself stems from the ancient Roman belief that the stone’s appearance changed with the phases of the moon.
The assignment of gemstones to zodiac signs further adds to their symbolic weight. Each zodiac sign is ruled by a planet, and the corresponding gemstone is believed to influence positive and negative energies based on an individual’s personality traits. The tradition of linking gemstones to astrological alignment dates back to ancient scholars like Flavius Josephus and St. Jerome.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness, alexandrite is relatively durable and can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush. However, due to its potential for fracture, ultrasonic cleaners should be avoided.
Pearls, being organic gemstones, are more delicate and require special care. They should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap, and should never be exposed to harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners. Pearls are susceptible to damage from acids, perfumes, and hairspray.
Moonstone, while relatively durable, can be scratched, so it should be stored separately from harder gemstones. Cleaning can be done with warm soapy water and a soft cloth.
Conclusion
June’s birthstones – alexandrite, pearl, and moonstone – represent a fascinating blend of rarity, history, and symbolism. Alexandrite, a relatively recent discovery, captivates with its remarkable color-changing ability, while pearl, revered for centuries, embodies purity and timeless elegance. Moonstone, with its ethereal shimmer, symbolizes spiritual growth and good health. These gems, each with its unique origin and properties, offer a diverse range of choices for those born in June, reflecting the multifaceted nature of the month itself.