Sapphire, the recognized birthstone for September, is a gemstone steeped in history, symbolism, and enduring beauty. Celebrated for its captivating hues – most notably its classic deep blue – sapphire has long been associated with royalty, faith, and wisdom. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and cultural significance of this remarkable gem, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
The history of sapphire extends back millennia, with evidence of its appreciation dating to ancient civilizations. In ancient Greece and Rome, sapphire was believed to offer protection from harm and envy. The elite of these societies treasured the blue variety, associating it with divine favor and safeguarding its wearer. This belief continued into the Middle Ages, where clergy wore sapphires as a symbol of Heaven, reflecting the stone’s celestial blue color. Ancient Persians held a particularly striking belief, positing that the earth rested upon a giant sapphire, which in turn gave the sky its blue hue.
Beyond protection, sapphire was also attributed with healing properties. Medieval Europeans believed the gemstone could cure plague boils and alleviate eye diseases, even serving as an antidote to poison. The stone’s association with the Ten Commandments, with some traditions claiming they were written on sapphire tablets, further underscores its historical significance and perceived strength.
Throughout its history, sapphire has been a symbol of sincerity, truth, faithfulness, and nobility. Its enduring appeal has made it a favored gemstone for royalty and those seeking a connection to spiritual realms.
Geological Formation and Sources
Sapphire belongs to the corundum family, a crystalline form of aluminum oxide. While the term “sapphire” commonly evokes images of blue gemstones, it’s important to note that corundum occurs in a rainbow of colors. Red corundum, however, is classified as ruby, a distinct gemstone. All other colors of corundum are considered “fancy colored” sapphires, such as purple or green sapphire.
Blue sapphire is the most abundant and affordable variety within the “Big Three” of colored gemstones – alongside ruby and emerald. The color in sapphire arises from trace elements within the crystal structure, primarily iron and titanium. The precise concentration and arrangement of these elements determine the intensity and shade of blue.
While specific mining locations are not extensively detailed in the provided sources, the gem’s global presence is implied through its long history of trade and use across various cultures.
Gemological Properties
Sapphires are evaluated based on the “four Cs”: color, clarity, cut, and carat weight. Color is arguably the most important factor, with deep, vivid blue sapphires commanding the highest prices. Clarity refers to the absence of inclusions, or internal flaws, within the stone. A sapphire with fewer inclusions is generally more valuable. Cut refers to the proportions, symmetry, and polish of the gemstone, which affect its brilliance and fire. Carat weight measures the size of the stone, with larger sapphires being rarer and more expensive.
Sapphires are known for their exceptional hardness, registering a 9 on the Mohs scale. This makes them highly durable and suitable for everyday wear. The sources do not provide information on other gemological properties such as refractive index or specific gravity.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Sapphire carries a rich tapestry of symbolism. It represents power, loyalty, and skill, embodying qualities valued throughout history. The stone is believed to bestow security and good luck upon its wearer, fostering a sense of balance and happiness. Sapphire is also associated with faith and mental clarity, promoting wisdom and insight.
Ancient beliefs attributed sapphires with the ability to promote inner peace, as held by Buddhists, and were considered among the most desirable stones in the seven heavens of Islam. More recently, some writers have believed sapphires stimulate creative imagination and clear thinking, facilitating a natural flow of ideas.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its exceptional hardness, sapphire is a relatively durable gemstone. However, like all jewelry, it requires proper care to maintain its brilliance. The sources do not provide specific cleaning instructions, but given its hardness, it can be safely cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, which could damage the stone’s surface.
September and Virgo
For those born under the zodiac sign of Virgo (August 23 to September 22), sapphire is frequently considered a birthstone. This alignment reinforces the stone’s association with the month of September and its symbolic resonance with individuals born during this time.
September Birthstone Alternatives and Considerations
While sapphire is the primary September birthstone, some sources mention Lapis Lazuli as a historical alternative, particularly introduced by the British. Lapis Lazuli, known for its vibrant blue color, offers a more affordable option, though it lacks the regal brilliance of sapphire. It’s important to note that Lapis Lazuli’s appearance differs significantly from sapphire, possessing a unique royal blue shimmer in sterling silver.
Sources
- Golden Bird Jewels
- Gemological Institute of America (GIA)
- Gem Society
- Ken and Dana Design
- Bengarelick
- Lotusfun
Conclusion
Sapphire stands as a testament to the enduring allure of gemstones. From its ancient origins as a symbol of protection and divine favor to its modern status as a beloved birthstone, sapphire continues to captivate with its beauty, durability, and rich symbolism. Its association with royalty, faith, wisdom, and clarity solidifies its place as a truly remarkable gem, cherished by collectors, jewelry enthusiasts, and those born under the September sky.