August is a uniquely endowed month in the world of birthstones, boasting not one, but three recognized gems: peridot, sardonyx, and spinel. While peridot currently holds prominence as the modern August birthstone, sardonyx carries a long history as the original choice, and spinel was more recently added to the list in 2016. These stones each possess distinct characteristics, histories, and symbolic meanings, offering a diverse range of options for those born in the eighth month of the year.
A Historical Perspective
Sardonyx holds the distinction of being the oldest August birthstone on record, with references dating back to ancient times. It was included in the high priest’s breastplate, a precursor to the modern concept of birthstones, and was considered one of the foundational stones of Jerusalem. The name itself is derived from the Greek word for “nail or claw” (onyx) and references the ancient Persian city of Sardis (sard), where the reddish stone was originally found.
Peridot’s history is somewhat intertwined with that of topaz. Ancient texts often used the name “topaz” to describe what is now known as peridot, likely due to their similar yellowish-green hues. George Frederick Kuntz, in his 1913 publication The Curious Lore of Precious Stones, noted that the “topaz of the ancients was usually our chrysolite, or peridot.” The island historically known as Topazios, however, never actually produced the November birthstone topaz.
Spinel, while a more recent addition to the August birthstone family, has a rich history of its own, often being mistaken for ruby and sapphire throughout history. Its recognition as a distinct gemstone is relatively recent, formalized in 2016. Alexandrite, a variety of spinel, was historically considered the Russian birthstone for August, valued for its connection to guardians and its ability to foster self-respect and creativity. Ruby, traditionally a Hindu birthstone for August, symbolizes nobility, passion, and prosperity. Sapphire, as the Ayurvedic birthstone, represents wisdom and spiritual truth. Diamond, the old Tibetan birthstone, is associated with compassion, commitment, and protection, while moonstone, another traditional choice, embodies lunar energy and nurturing love.
Geological Origins and Sources
Sardonyx is a layered form of chalcedony, a microcrystalline variety of silica. It is composed of alternating bands of sard, a reddish-brown variety, and onyx, typically white or black. The most significant source of sardonyx with good color contrast is India. Additional sources include Brazil, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Madagascar, Uruguay, and the United States.
Peridot is a variety of the mineral olivine, and its green color is attributed to its iron content. While specific mining locations are not detailed in the provided sources beyond the historical reference to ancient Egypt, where it was known as the “gem of the sun,” olivine is found in various volcanic and metamorphic rocks worldwide.
Spinel’s origins are not explicitly detailed in the provided sources, though its association with alexandrite suggests a connection to Russian deposits.
Gemological Properties
The provided sources do not offer detailed gemological data for these stones. However, some characteristics can be gleaned. Sardonyx, being a form of chalcedony, is known for its durability and striking banded appearance. Peridot is celebrated for its vibrant green hue, a result of its iron content. Spinel, alexandrite, ruby, sapphire, and diamond are all recognized for their distinct colors and properties, though specific details are not provided.
A comparative table of hardness (Mohs scale) based on general gemological knowledge (not provided in the sources, but included for context) would be:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Peridot | 6.5 - 7 |
| Sardonyx | 6.5 - 7 |
| Spinel | 8 |
| Ruby | 9 |
| Sapphire | 9 |
| Diamond | 10 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Peridot is often associated with peace, harmony, and good fortune. It is believed to reduce stress and anger, fostering renewal and a sense of calm. It is considered a stone of lightness and beauty, promoting positive energy and creativity. It is also described as a stone that encourages taking responsibility for one’s actions and manifesting dreams.
Sardonyx is a stone of strength and protection, radiating positive energy and enhancing confidence, optimism, and joy.
Alexandrite is believed to connect individuals to their guardians, building self-respect, willpower, and creativity. Ruby symbolizes nobility, passion, protection, and prosperity, stimulating vitality. Sapphire represents wisdom and spiritual truth, promoting peace of mind. Diamond embodies compassion, commitment, and protection. Moonstone is linked to lunar energy, nurturing love, and awakening Kundalini energy. Topaz is a stone of optimism, gently aligning the body’s meridians.
Carnelian, a traditional Hebrew birthstone for August, is a power stone that boosts strength, courage, and vitality through its connection to the Earth.
Wearing and Caring for August Birthstones
Proper care ensures the longevity and beauty of these gemstones. Peridot should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and protected from extreme heat. Sardonyx can be cleaned with a soft brush and mild soap and water, avoiding harsh chemicals. Onyx requires only a damp cloth and mild soap, and should not be subjected to ultrasonic cleaners.
Conclusion
The August birthstones – peridot, sardonyx, and spinel – represent a rich tapestry of history, symbolism, and beauty. From the ancient origins of sardonyx to the more recently recognized spinel, and the enduring appeal of peridot, these gemstones offer a unique connection to the qualities and energies of the month. Whether one seeks strength, peace, prosperity, or creativity, the diverse range of August birthstones provides a meaningful and elegant choice for personal adornment.