December is a unique month in the world of birthstones, boasting not one, but four recognized gems: turquoise, zircon, tanzanite, and blue topaz. Each of these stones offers a distinct beauty and carries its own historical and symbolic weight, providing a diverse selection for those born in the final month of the year. This article will explore the characteristics, history, and significance of each of these December birthstones, drawing upon available information to provide a comprehensive overview.
A Quartet of Blue Hues
Traditionally, many months were associated with a single birthstone. However, as the gemstone market evolved and consumer preferences broadened, multiple stones were assigned to certain months, offering greater choice. December exemplifies this trend, with four gems now officially recognized. All four stones are best known for their beautiful shades of blue, though they vary significantly in origin, composition, and lore.
Turquoise: The Ancient Protector
Turquoise is considered the oldest known December birthstone, with a history stretching back millennia. Recognized as a birthstone as early as 1912 by the National Association of Jewellers, it is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral composed of hydrated copper phosphate and aluminum. Its distinctive color, often described as robin’s egg blue, is frequently marked by unique veining patterns, making each stone individual.
Throughout history, turquoise has been valued for its perceived protective properties. It is believed to bring luck and good fortune, and to dispel negative energy, offering protection against environmental pollutants. Some believe it enhances intuition and encourages self-expression by releasing inhibitions. Turquoise is a porous material, meaning it can absorb substances like lotions and perfumes, potentially altering its color over time. Proper storage in a pouch or box is recommended to prevent scratching and maintain its vibrancy.
Zircon: A Sparkling Substitute
Zircon is often mistaken for diamond due to its exceptional brilliance and fire. While it comes in a variety of colors, blue zircon is the most commonly associated with December. It is a gem with incredible sparkle, and is considered a modern December birthstone alongside blue topaz and tanzanite. Historically, zircon was associated with strength and protection.
Tanzanite: A Recent Discovery
Tanzanite is a relatively recent addition to the birthstone family, discovered in Tanzania in the 1960s. It is celebrated for its rich blue and violet colors, making it a captivating and sought-after gem.
Blue Topaz: A Modern Favorite
Blue Topaz is another modern December birthstone, officially assigned by the Jewelers of America in 2002. It belongs to the silicate family, containing aluminum and fluorine, and possesses a glass-like shine. While naturally occurring blue topaz is rare, the majority of blue stones available are created through heat treatment of colorless topaz.
Blue topaz is known for its calming energy and is often associated with love and fidelity, making it a popular choice for romantic gifts. Different shades of blue topaz are recognized, with London Blue Topaz, a deep sapphire hue, being particularly prized. The name "London Blue" originates from a large blue topaz stone exhibited at the UK Natural History Museum.
Historical Context and Meaning
The word "topaz" itself is believed to derive from the Sanskrit word "tapas," meaning fire, reflecting the historical association of topaz with strength and protection. Turquoise, as one of the oldest known gemstones, has been prized by civilizations for centuries. The addition of tanzanite and blue topaz to the December birthstone list reflects the expanding gemstone market and the desire to offer a wider range of options to consumers.
Gemological Properties
While a detailed comparison of gemological properties is limited by the provided sources, some key characteristics can be summarized:
| Gemstone | Color(s) | Composition | Notable Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue-green to greenish-blue | Hydrated copper phosphate & aluminum | Opaque, often with veining, porous |
| Zircon | Various, commonly blue | Zirconium silicate | Exceptional brilliance, fire |
| Tanzanite | Blue and violet | Calcium aluminum silicate | Relatively new discovery |
| Blue Topaz | Sky blue to deep London Blue | Aluminum and fluorine silicate | Glass-like shine, brittle, often heat-treated |
Symbolism and Spiritual Beliefs
Each of the December birthstones carries its own symbolic meaning. Turquoise is believed to offer protection and good fortune, while blue topaz is associated with inner wisdom and successful opportunities. Zircon is linked to strength and protection, and tanzanite is valued for its beauty and rarity. These stones are not merely beautiful adornments but are also believed to possess powerful properties that can enhance clarity, intuition, and personal growth.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of December birthstones requires specific care. Turquoise, being porous, should be protected from chemicals like lotions and perfumes to prevent color changes. It is best stored in a pouch or box to avoid scratches. The sources do not provide specific cleaning instructions for zircon, tanzanite, or blue topaz, but general gemstone care guidelines – such as using warm, soapy water and a soft cloth – would be appropriate.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – turquoise, zircon, tanzanite, and blue topaz – represent a diverse and captivating collection of gems. From the ancient protective qualities of turquoise to the modern brilliance of blue topaz, each stone offers a unique beauty and symbolic meaning. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, historical significance, or perceived spiritual benefits, these gems provide a stunning array of options for those born in the final month of the year.