December 3rd is distinguished by a unique combination of three birthstones: tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon. Each gemstone possesses a distinct history, unique properties, and symbolic meaning, offering a diverse selection for those born on this day. This article will explore the geological origins, historical significance, and cultural symbolism of these December 3rd birthstones, providing a comprehensive overview of their enduring appeal.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with months, and even days, dates back to ancient times, rooted in biblical and cultural beliefs. The modern concept of birthstones has evolved, with organizations like the National Association of Jewelers and the Jewelry Industry Council of America contributing to the current list. For December, this list has expanded to include multiple options, reflecting a growing appreciation for the variety and beauty of gemstones.
Turquoise stands as one of the oldest known birthstones, cherished for centuries by numerous cultures. Its history is deeply intertwined with ancient civilizations, representing protection and wisdom. Zircon, an older mineral, has captivated gem enthusiasts with its dazzling fire, often being mistaken for diamond. Tanzanite, in contrast, is a relatively recent discovery, unearthed in Tanzania in 1967. Initially marketed as “zandrite,” it was later renamed to honor its place of origin.
Tanzanite’s discovery story is particularly noteworthy. A Maasai tribesman in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania first noticed the unusual blue-violet crystals exposed on the surface. Its unique trichroism – the ability to display three different colors depending on the angle of light – quickly made it a popular choice for jewelry. The gem is often heat-treated to enhance its color and clarity, a practice widely accepted within the gem trade.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these three birthstones are geographically diverse. Turquoise, as its name suggests, has been mined for millennia in regions like Persia (modern-day Iran), and is also found in the United States, particularly in Arizona and New Mexico. Zircon is found in a variety of geological settings, including metamorphic and igneous rocks, and is sourced from countries like Sri Lanka, Cambodia, and Australia.
Tanzanite, however, is exceptionally rare, found exclusively in a small area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. This limited geographical source contributes significantly to its value and desirability. The geological conditions necessary for tanzanite formation are unique to this region, making it one of the rarest gems in the world.
Gemological Properties
Each of these December 3rd birthstones exhibits distinct gemological properties. Turquoise is an opaque gemstone, ranging in color from brownish grey to sky blue or greenish blue. The intensity of the blue hue is directly related to its copper content, with bluer stones generally being more valuable.
Zircon possesses a remarkable sparkle, often rivaling that of diamond. It occurs in a range of colors, including golden, red, and clear, but the blue variety is particularly popular as a December birthstone.
Tanzanite’s color is its most defining characteristic, displaying a captivating blue to violet hue. This color is a result of its trichroism, meaning it can exhibit three different colors depending on the viewing angle. Heat treatment is commonly used to enhance the color and clarity of tanzanite, improving its market appeal.
A comparison of hardness, based on the Mohs scale, would be as follows (though the sources do not provide this data directly, it is relevant for understanding care and durability):
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Turquoise | 5-6 |
| Zircon | 6.5-7.5 |
| Tanzanite | 6-7 |
This table illustrates that zircon is the most durable of the three, followed by tanzanite, and then turquoise. This difference in hardness impacts their suitability for different types of jewelry and their susceptibility to scratching.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these gemstones have been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Turquoise has long been considered a protective stone, representing wisdom and good fortune. Ancient cultures cherished it for its spiritual and healing qualities.
Zircon, historically associated with strength and protection, is now often linked to prosperity and honor. Blue zircon, specifically, is believed to promote calmness and clarity.
Tanzanite, as a more recent discovery, has developed symbolism related to transformation and new beginnings. Its association with December, a time of year-end reflection and anticipation of the future, reinforces this meaning. The stones collectively represent themes of transformation, protection, and success.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of these gemstones. Due to its relatively lower hardness, turquoise is susceptible to scratching and should be protected from harsh impacts. Cleaning turquoise jewelry can be done with a soft cloth and mild soapy water. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals.
Zircon, being more durable, can withstand more rigorous cleaning. However, it is still advisable to avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners. A soft brush and warm, soapy water are sufficient for cleaning zircon jewelry.
Tanzanite, while relatively durable, is sensitive to heat and sudden temperature changes. It should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight, as it can cause fading. Professional cleaning is recommended for valuable tanzanite pieces.
Conclusion
The December 3rd birthstones—tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon—each offer a unique combination of beauty, history, and symbolism. Whether drawn to the ancient charm of turquoise, the dazzling fire of zircon, or the captivating violet hues of tanzanite, these gemstones provide a rich source of inspiration and meaning. Understanding their geological origins, historical significance, and care requirements allows for a deeper appreciation of their value. As both ornamental and spiritual objects, they continue to captivate gemstone enthusiasts and jewelry lovers alike. These December birthstones serve as enduring symbols of the month's themes of transformation, protection, and success.