Tanzanite is a relatively recent addition to the world of gemstones, yet it has quickly become a highly sought-after December birthstone, celebrated for its captivating violet-blue hues and purported spiritual properties. Discovered in Tanzania in 1967, this gem offers a unique and vibrant alternative to the more traditional December birthstones of turquoise, zircon, and blue topaz. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological characteristics, symbolism, and care of tanzanite, providing a comprehensive overview of this remarkable gemstone.
History and Lore
Unlike many gemstones with ancient histories stretching back millennia, tanzanite’s story is remarkably recent. Initially known as “blue zoisite,” the gemstone was renamed “tanzanite” by Tiffany & Co. as a tribute to its country of origin, Tanzania. This rebranding was a strategic move to elevate the gem’s profile and appeal to a wider audience. The Maasai people of Tanzania have a legend surrounding the stone, believing it was created when lightning struck the ground, turning the rocks a shimmering blue. They traditionally gifted tanzanite upon the birth of a child, symbolizing health, well-being, and prosperity.
Tanzanite was officially added as a December birthstone by the American Gem Trade Association in 2002, solidifying its place in modern gemological tradition. It is also recognized as the stone for the 24th wedding anniversary, representing a lasting and vibrant commitment. The gem’s relatively recent discovery contributes to its association with new beginnings and transformation.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite is a blue-violet variety of the mineral zoisite, a calcium aluminum silicate. Its unique color is attributed to trace amounts of vanadium within the crystal structure. The gemstone is found in a very small area – the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. This limited geographical source contributes significantly to its rarity and value. The geological conditions necessary for tanzanite formation are exceptionally specific, making it unlikely to be found anywhere else in substantial quantities.
The gem forms within metamorphic rocks, created by intense heat and pressure. Mining operations in the Merelani Hills range from artisanal small-scale digging to more organized and mechanized efforts. The concentration of tanzanite deposits within this small area underscores the gem’s exclusivity.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite is renowned for its striking pleochroism, a phenomenon where the gem displays different colors when viewed from different angles. This means a tanzanite gemstone can exhibit shades of blue, violet, and even red depending on the lighting and viewing direction. The most valued tanzanite displays a rich, deep blue color, though violet-blue variations are also highly prized.
While specific data like refractive index and chemical formula are not provided in the sources, the sources highlight the gem’s brilliance and unique color characteristics. Tanzanite’s beauty is further enhanced by its clarity, though inclusions are common. The “Queen of Kilimanjaro,” a particularly famous tanzanite, weighs 242 carats and is set with tsavorite garnets and diamonds, showcasing the gem’s potential for spectacular displays.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Tanzanite is believed to possess high-vibration healing energy, often described as a “manifestation magnet.” It is associated with spiritual awareness, wisdom, and consciousness. The gem is thought to act as a spiritual guide, leading individuals on a path of self-discovery and enlightenment.
Beyond its spiritual connotations, tanzanite is also linked to practical benefits. It is believed to strengthen the immune system, detoxify the blood, and regenerate cells, skin, and hair, though these claims are rooted in historical beliefs rather than scientific evidence. The gem is also associated with rarity, transformation, intuition, and psychic abilities. For those born in December, tanzanite is said to embody traits of passion, strength, and resilience, inspiring confidence and promoting success.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its relatively moderate hardness, tanzanite requires careful handling and cleaning. The sources advise avoiding sudden or extreme temperature changes, as well as exposure to extreme heat, steam cleaners, and ultrasonic cleaners. The recommended cleaning method involves using a soft brush, warm soapy water, and a soft cloth to gently remove dirt and debris. Proper care will help preserve the gem’s brilliance and prevent damage.
Conclusion
Tanzanite, a captivating violet-blue gemstone, has rapidly ascended in popularity as a December birthstone and a symbol of transformation and spiritual awareness. Its recent discovery, limited geographical source, and unique pleochroism contribute to its allure and value. From the Maasai legends surrounding its origins to its modern recognition as a gem of wisdom and healing, tanzanite continues to fascinate and inspire. Whether admired for its beauty, cherished for its symbolic meaning, or worn as a personal talisman, tanzanite remains a remarkable gem with a compelling story.