The month of August boasts a unique distinction among birthstones: it is one of three months—along with February and December—recognized with three dedicated gemstones. These are peridot, spinel, and sardonyx, a selection formalized in 2016, adding to a tradition of evolving birthstone lists that dates back centuries. While historical lists featured different stones for each month, the modern standardization began in 1912 with the National Association of Jewelers, and has been amended several times since, reflecting changing tastes and marketability. The inclusion of spinel in August is a relatively recent development, highlighting the dynamic nature of birthstone associations. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and symbolism of these three August birthstones.
A History of August Birthstones
Historically, August was associated with sardonyx, a banded variety of chalcedony. The name “sardonyx” itself is linked to the ancient Persian city of Sardis, where the reddish-brown stone was discovered. Traditional birthstone lists, established over centuries, often featured sardonyx for August, symbolizing strength, protection, and courage. However, the modern movement towards more transparent, faceted gems led to the inclusion of peridot and, eventually, spinel.
The standardization efforts of the National Association of Jewelers in 1912 aimed to create a practical and marketable list of birthstones for the American market. This list was subsequently modified in 1952 and 2002, adding new gems as they gained popularity. The most recent addition, in 2016, saw spinel officially recognized as an August birthstone alongside peridot, offering a wider range of choices for those born in this month. The evolution of these lists demonstrates that birthstone associations are not fixed, but rather a blend of historical custom, market trends, and aesthetic preferences.
Peridot: The Olive-Green Gem
Peridot is celebrated for its distinctive olive-green hue, a color attributed to its iron content. Ancient Greeks revered peridot, believing it symbolized prosperity and “giving plenty.” In Hawaii, the gem was associated with the tears of Pele, the volcano goddess. Peridot’s appeal lies in its versatility; it complements a variety of jewelry styles and attire.
The gem’s formation often occurs in volcanic basalt, and significant deposits have been found in various locations around the world. While specific mining locations are not detailed in the provided sources, the gem’s historical use suggests a long-standing presence in jewelry and ornamentation.
Spinel: Often Mistaken for Ruby and Sapphire
Spinel, historically often confused with ruby and sapphire, is a gemstone valued by emperors and kings for centuries. Vivid red spinel is the most desirable color, though the gem also occurs in violet-blue, pale pink, yellow, and mauve shades. Its confusion with other gems is understandable, as spinel shares similar crystal structures and appearances with ruby and sapphire.
Notably, spinel has a practical history beyond adornment. Records indicate its use in compass magnetizing as early as the 11th century, demonstrating its unique physical properties. The Crown Jewels of England even contain several spinel gemstones, attesting to its historical significance and regal association.
Sardonyx: Bands of Strength and Protection
Sardonyx is a unique gemstone formed by layers of sard and onyx, both varieties of the mineral chalcedony. This layering results in distinctive reddish-brown stripes, creating a visually striking stone. The name itself originates from the ancient Persian city of Sardis, where the stone was first discovered.
Sardonyx is traditionally linked to strength, protection, and courage. It is believed to symbolize fortitude and resilience, making it a meaningful gemstone for those seeking inner strength.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
While detailed gemological data is limited within the provided sources, some properties can be inferred. Peridot’s defining characteristic is its green color, while spinel exhibits a range of hues, with red being the most prized. Sardonyx is distinguished by its banded appearance. Further detailed analysis of hardness, refractive index, and chemical composition would require additional sources.
| Gemstone | Color(s) | Key Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Peridot | Olive-Green | Symbolizes prosperity, volcanic origins |
| Spinel | Red, Violet-Blue, Pink, Yellow, Mauve | Often mistaken for ruby/sapphire, used in compasses |
| Sardonyx | Reddish-Brown (banded) | Symbolizes strength, protection, Persian origins |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of the August birthstones carries its own set of symbolic meanings and metaphysical beliefs. Peridot is associated with prosperity and good fortune, while spinel is believed to be a source of inspiration, physical energy, good health, and longevity. Sardonyx symbolizes strength, protection, and courage.
These beliefs, rooted in ancient traditions and folklore, continue to resonate with those who choose these gemstones for their personal significance. The association of gemstones with specific energies and qualities adds another layer of meaning to their aesthetic appeal.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific care and cleaning instructions for these gemstones. However, general guidelines for gemstone care can be applied. Peridot, spinel, and sardonyx should be cleaned with mild soap and warm water, using a soft brush to remove any dirt or debris. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the gemstones. Regular cleaning will help maintain their brilliance and luster.
Conclusion
The August birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represent a diverse and fascinating collection of gemstones. From the olive-green glow of peridot to the regal allure of spinel and the banded strength of sardonyx, each stone offers a unique aesthetic and symbolic appeal. The 2016 addition of spinel to the August birthstone list reflects the evolving nature of these traditions, providing a wider range of choices for those seeking a gemstone that resonates with their personal preferences and beliefs. These stones, steeped in history and lore, continue to captivate and inspire, embodying the enduring beauty and mystique of the gem world.