December is unique in the world of birthstones, boasting a diverse array of four primary gemstones: Blue Topaz, Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Blue Zircon. Each of these stones carries its own distinct beauty, history, and symbolism, making December an especially rich month for jewelry enthusiasts and collectors. This article delves into the characteristics, significance, and practical aspects of December birthstone jewelry, with a particular focus on Blue Topaz, which is one of the most widely recognized and popular of the December birthstones.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months has roots in ancient times, and December’s birthstones are no exception. Blue Topaz, in particular, has been revered for centuries for its striking blue hues and its association with calmness and clarity. In ancient Greece, topaz in general was believed to increase strength and was thought to be a gift from the sun god, Apollo. However, the blue variant, which is not naturally occurring in the earth, was a later development thanks to irradiation techniques that have been used since the 1950s to transform colorless topaz into the vibrant blue tones we now associate with this gemstone.
Tanzanite, discovered in Tanzania in the 1960s, is a relatively new gemstone in the birthstone calendar, but it has quickly gained popularity for its intense violet-blue color. It is often associated with transformation and spiritual growth. Turquoise, on the other hand, has a much longer history, dating back thousands of years. It has been used in jewelry, talismans, and even as a pigment in ancient cultures. Turquoise was believed to bring protection and good fortune, especially among Native American tribes and ancient Egyptian royalty.
Blue Zircon, while less commonly featured in modern jewelry, has a long history of being used in ornamental objects and as a substitute for more expensive gems like sapphire. It is admired for its brilliance and is associated with wisdom and prosperity in various cultures.
Geological Formation and Sources
Understanding the geological origins of December’s birthstones provides insight into their rarity and the conditions under which they form. Blue Topaz, for instance, is a silicate mineral composed of aluminum and fluorine. It is typically found in granitic pegmatites and rhyolitic volcanic rocks. The blue coloration of Blue Topaz is not natural but is achieved through irradiation and heat treatment of colorless topaz. This process involves exposing the stone to controlled radiation, which alters the structure of the crystal and imparts the blue color.
Tanzanite is a variety of the mineral zoisite and is only found in Tanzania, which is why it is named after the country. It forms in metamorphic rock under high pressure and specific temperature conditions. The unique color of Tanzanite is due to the presence of vanadium and the way it interacts with light.
Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of aluminum and copper, and it forms in the oxidized zones of copper deposits. It is often found in arid regions where it can be exposed to surface weathering. Major sources of turquoise include the United States (particularly in Arizona, Nevada, and New Mexico), as well as Iran, China, and Egypt.
Blue Zircon is a zircon mineral that has been treated to achieve its blue color. Natural zircons can occur in a variety of colors, including yellow, brown, and red. The blue color is typically achieved through heat treatment, which alters the crystal structure and enhances the blue tones.
Gemological Properties
The gemological properties of December’s birthstones are as varied as their origins and histories. Blue Topaz is known for its clarity, brilliance, and relatively high hardness on the Mohs scale. It has a hardness of 8, making it durable enough for everyday wear in jewelry. Its refractive index ranges from 1.61 to 1.63, and it is typically transparent to translucent.
Tanzanite, with a hardness of 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale, is slightly more delicate than Blue Topaz. It has a refractive index of approximately 1.69 to 1.70 and is known for its pleochroism, meaning it can display different colors when viewed from different angles. This property gives Tanzanite a dynamic and captivating appearance.
Turquoise, with a hardness of 5 to 6, is more porous and less durable than the other December birthstones. It is often stabilized with resins to enhance its durability and color. Its refractive index is relatively low, ranging from 1.61 to 1.63, and it is typically opaque to translucent.
Blue Zircon has a hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale, making it a durable gemstone suitable for jewelry. It has a high refractive index of 1.92 to 2.00, which contributes to its brilliance and sparkle. Blue Zircon is also known for its high dispersion, which gives it a fiery, diamond-like appearance.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of December’s birthstones carries its own set of symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Blue Topaz is associated with calmness, clarity, and emotional stability. It is believed to enhance mental focus and reduce stress. In ancient times, it was thought to increase physical strength and was worn by warriors for protection in battle.
Tanzanite is often linked to spiritual transformation and personal growth. It is believed to open the heart and mind to new possibilities and to encourage emotional healing. It is also associated with creativity and intuition, making it a popular stone for artists and healers.
Turquoise has long been regarded as a protective stone. It is believed to ward off negative energy and to promote good luck and prosperity. In many cultures, it is also associated with communication and truth. It is said to help with self-expression and to encourage honesty in relationships.
Blue Zircon is associated with wisdom, prosperity, and clarity of thought. It is believed to enhance one’s ability to make sound decisions and to attract abundance. In some traditions, it is also thought to bring a sense of inner peace and balance.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to preserving the beauty and longevity of December birthstone jewelry. Each gemstone requires specific cleaning and handling techniques to avoid damage. Blue Topaz, being relatively hard and durable, can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. It should be kept away from harsh chemicals and abrasive materials.
Tanzanite, while beautiful, is more sensitive than Blue Topaz. It should be cleaned gently with a soft cloth and mild soap. Exposure to high heat or direct sunlight should be avoided, as this can cause the color to fade over time. Tanzanite should also be stored separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches.
Turquoise, being porous and relatively soft, requires special care. It should be cleaned with a damp cloth and mild soap, and it should never be submerged in water or exposed to harsh chemicals. It is also advisable to store turquoise jewelry in a cool, dry place to prevent it from drying out or losing its color.
Blue Zircon is durable enough to withstand everyday wear and can be cleaned with warm, soapy water. However, it should be handled with care to avoid chipping or scratching. Like Tanzanite, it should be stored separately from harder gemstones to prevent damage.
Jewelry Styles and Designs
December birthstone jewelry comes in a wide variety of styles, from classic and elegant to modern and bold. Blue Topaz, for example, is often featured in halo settings, where it is surrounded by smaller diamonds or other gemstones to enhance its brilliance. It is also commonly used in earrings, pendants, and rings, where its clarity and color make it a standout piece.
Tanzanite is frequently set in silver or white gold, which complements its deep violet-blue tones. It is often used in cocktail rings and pendants, where its pleochroism can be showcased. Tanzanite is also popular in stackable rings and layered necklaces, where its unique color adds a touch of sophistication.
Turquoise is often used in Native American-style jewelry, such as turquoise inlay rings and silver squash blossom pendants. It is also popular in bohemian and western styles, where its natural, organic look fits perfectly. Turquoise is often paired with silver, which enhances its blue tones.
Blue Zircon is a versatile gemstone that can be used in both classic and contemporary designs. It is often used in earrings and pendants, where its high dispersion and brilliance make it a dazzling choice. It is also used in cocktail rings and statement pieces, where its icy blue sparkle adds a touch of glamour.
Choosing the Perfect December Birthstone Jewelry
Selecting the right December birthstone jewelry depends on a variety of factors, including the recipient’s style, the symbolic meaning of the gemstone, and the occasion. Blue Topaz is a great choice for someone who values calmness and clarity, while Tanzanite is ideal for someone undergoing a period of transformation or personal growth. Turquoise is perfect for those who want to add a touch of tradition and protection to their jewelry collection, and Blue Zircon is a fantastic option for those who appreciate wisdom and prosperity.
When choosing a piece of jewelry, it is also important to consider the setting and design. A simple, elegant setting allows the gemstone to take center stage, while a more intricate design can add a unique touch. Personalization options, such as engraving or combining multiple December birthstones, can also make a piece more meaningful and one-of-a-kind.
Conclusion
December birthstone jewelry offers a rich tapestry of color, meaning, and history. From the calming blue of Blue Topaz to the vibrant violet-blue of Tanzanite, each gemstone carries its own unique charm and significance. Whether you are looking for a meaningful gift or adding to your own collection, December’s birthstones provide endless possibilities for expression and celebration. With proper care and appreciation, these gemstones can be cherished for generations, serving as both a beautiful adornment and a symbol of personal meaning.