October babies are fortunate to have the captivating opal as one of their birthstones. This multi-coloured gem, celebrated for its unique play of light, boasts a rich history steeped in lore and symbolism. Throughout the ages, opals have been considered tokens of luck, faithfulness, and confidence, believed to possess a spectrum of powers reflected in their kaleidoscopic hues. This article delves into the history, properties, and significance of the opal, exploring its journey from ancient beliefs to its modern status as a cherished birthstone.
History and Lore
Opals have captivated humanity for centuries. Ancient civilizations attributed various powers and meanings to these iridescent gems. Specifically, opals have been associated with love, affection, and the promotion of a happy life. Throughout history, opals were thought to offer the wearer great luck, as it was believed that the opal possessed all of the powers and properties of the gems reflected in its colours. Opal jewellery was also believed to ward off evil and protect vision. Those born in October, and particularly those embodying the traits of the Libra zodiac sign, are often described as protective, faithful friends who spread positivity and believe in the good of others.
Gemological Properties
The defining characteristic of the opal is its remarkable display of colour, known as “play-of-colour.” This phenomenon occurs due to the diffraction of light passing through microscopic spheres within the stone. The arrangement and size of these spheres determine the colours observed. Opals come in a kaleidoscope of colours, allowing one to see all the colours of the rainbow in a single stone.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Beyond its aesthetic appeal, the opal carries significant symbolic weight. It represents faithfulness and confidence, qualities often associated with those born in October. The stone is also said to symbolise hope, truth, and purity. These symbolic associations contribute to the opal’s enduring appeal as a birthstone and a gemstone of personal significance.
Care and Cleaning
While beautiful, opals require careful handling. They are relatively soft, making them susceptible to scratches and damage. It is advisable to avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and extreme temperature changes. Cleaning can be done gently with a soft cloth and lukewarm soapy water.
Garnet: A January Birthstone Rooted in History
The garnet, the birthstone for January, derives its name from the Latin word for ‘seedlike,’ a reference to its resemblance to pomegranate seeds. Typically displaying a deep red hue, though variations in colour do occur, garnets are known for their ability to beautifully refract light. Historically, garnets were believed to light the way for travellers and ward off evil, making garnet birthstone jewellery a fitting gift for those who journey or seek guidance. Garnets are said to represent protection, energy, perseverance, and confidence.
Amethyst: The February Stone of Tranquility
February’s birthstone, the amethyst, is celebrated for its captivating purple hue. Throughout history, amethysts have been associated with royalty and spirituality.
Peridot: The Vibrant August Birthstone
The peridot, traditionally the August birthstone, is a brilliant green gem with a history as rich as its colour. Often mistaken for emeralds or even “topaz” in ancient times, peridot has been valued for millennia. Cleopatra herself was known to adorn herself with peridot, believing in its beauty and power. The name “peridot” is thought to originate from the Greek word “peridona,” meaning “giving of light.”
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is the gem variety of olivine, a mineral formed deep within the Earth’s mantle. It is brought to the surface through volcanic activity. Historically, peridot was mined on the island of Topazios (now Zabargad) in the Red Sea, though this is a historical misnomer as the stones mined there were actually peridot, not topaz. Modern sources include the United States (particularly the American Southwest), Myanmar, Brazil, and other locations. New discoveries in the American Southwest have made peridot birthstone jewellery more accessible than ever.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Peridot is often associated with protection, good luck, and healing. It is believed to aid in meditation and Feng Shui, creating a protective field around the body. Metaphysical author Melody suggests that peridot can facilitate understanding during significant life changes, heal emotional wounds, and amplify inner awareness. It was also believed to bring good luck to mothers during delivery. In ancient Rome, peridot was worn to repel terror, enchantment, and melancholy, while in the Middle Ages, it served as a charm against the “evil terrors of the night.”
Spinel: A Modern Addition to August’s Gems
While peridot holds the traditional title, spinel has emerged as a more recent addition to the August birthstone family. Officially recognized in 2016 by the Jewelers of America (JA) and the American Gem Trade Association (AGTA), spinel’s inclusion marked an unprecedented change to the widely recognized birthstone list. Historically, spinel was often mistaken for ruby or sapphire due to its similar appearance. Red spinels were even referred to as “ruby spinel” or “balas ruby.”
Distinguishing Spinel from Ruby and Sapphire
Edward Henry Kraus notes that spinel’s cubic crystal structure, similar to garnet and diamond, often displays twinning crystals, a characteristic not found in rubies or sapphires. Furthermore, while rubies are dichroic (exhibiting different hues when viewed from different angles), spinel typically displays a consistent colour throughout the stone. The large red centerpiece of the British State Crown, once believed to be a ruby, was later discovered to be a spinel. Similarly, many historic “rubies” in Indian collections are now believed to be spinel.
Conclusion
The birthstones associated with October, January, February, and August – opal, garnet, amethyst, and peridot/spinel – each possess a unique history, symbolism, and gemological profile. From the iridescent play-of-colour of the opal to the deep red hues of the garnet and the vibrant green of the peridot, these gemstones continue to captivate and inspire. Their enduring appeal lies not only in their beauty but also in the rich tapestry of lore and meaning woven around them throughout the centuries. These stones serve as tangible connections to the past, offering a glimpse into the beliefs and traditions of those who cherished them long ago.