December boasts a unique distinction among the months: it possesses not one, but three recognized birthstones – turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite. Each of these gemstones offers a distinct hue of blue, alongside a rich history and captivating symbolism. This article will delve into the origins, properties, and significance of these December birthstones, providing a comprehensive overview for enthusiasts and those seeking to understand the allure of these beautiful gems.
History and Lore
For millennia, turquoise has held a prominent place in human history and adornment. Evidence suggests its use dates back as far as 3000 BCE, with ancient civilizations in Egypt, Persia, and China highly valuing the stone. Pharaohs and rulers of ancient Egypt frequently incorporated turquoise into their jewelry, and Chinese artisans skillfully carved the stone into intricate masterpieces. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, turquoise was believed to possess protective powers, guaranteeing health and good fortune. From the 13th century onward, folklore suggested it could prevent falls, particularly from horseback, and would even fracture to warn the wearer of impending disaster. Hindu traditions associated viewing turquoise after a new moon with the promise of great wealth.
Zircon, while sometimes confused with cubic zirconia due to a similar name, has a history stretching back centuries. Though often found in a variety of colors – red, orange, yellow, green, brown, and blue – the blue variety commonly used in jewelry is achieved through heat treatment.
Tanzanite is the newest addition to the December birthstone family, discovered relatively recently in 1967 in Tanzania. As a result, it lacks the extensive historical lore associated with turquoise and zircon. However, its captivating blue-violet color quickly gained popularity, and it is now associated with properties like healing, protection, and self-transformation. Some believe tanzanite can activate the throat, third-eye, and crown chakras, facilitating psychic abilities and communication with higher realms.
Geological Formation and Sources
Turquoise is a semi-translucent to opaque gem, typically ranging in color from blue to green. Its unique characteristic often includes veins of matrix, which are remnants of the host rock in which it formed. Significant sources of turquoise include Iran, China, New Mexico, and Arizona.
Zircon is found in a variety of geological settings, often alongside sapphire deposits. Notable sources include Sri Lanka, Australia, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Cambodia. The blue coloration commonly seen in zircon jewelry is achieved through heat treatment of the naturally occurring gem.
Tanzanite, uniquely, is found in only one location worldwide: Tanzania. This limited source contributes to its rarity and value.
Gemological Properties
Each of the December birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties. Turquoise ranges in transparency from semi-translucent to opaque, displaying a color spectrum from blue to green. Its composition is a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum.
Zircon’s hardness ranges from 6 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, making it susceptible to abrasion. It is commonly heat-treated to produce the desired blue and colorless varieties, as well as orange, yellow, and red hues. Prolonged exposure to bright light can sometimes cause heat-treated zircon to revert to its original color, typically a light brown.
Tanzanite is known for its “velvety” blue-violet color. While specific details regarding its chemical composition and hardness are not provided in the sources, its rarity and vibrant color contribute to its desirability.
The following table summarizes key properties:
| Gemstone | Color Range | Transparency | Hardness (Mohs) | Notable Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue to Green | Semi-translucent to Opaque | Not specified | Often contains matrix veins |
| Zircon | Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Brown | Transparent to Opaque | 6 - 7.5 | Blue color often heat-treated |
| Tanzanite | Blue-Violet | Not specified | Not specified | Found exclusively in Tanzania |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these December birthstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning. Turquoise, as previously mentioned, has long been associated with protection, health, and good fortune. Its sky-blue color often represents tranquility and peace.
Zircon, while less steeped in ancient lore, is sometimes linked to prosperity and wisdom. Its varied colors may also carry different symbolic meanings.
Tanzanite, despite its recent discovery, is believed to promote insight and spiritual awakening. Its association with the throat, third-eye, and crown chakras suggests a connection to communication, intuition, and higher consciousness.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of these December birthstones. Zircon, with its hardness of 6-7.5, is prone to abrasion and should be protected from rough wear during activities like gardening, sports, or dishwashing. Cleaning zircon involves using a soft brush and mild soap in warm water; ultrasonic and steam cleaners are not recommended.
Specific care instructions for turquoise and tanzanite are not detailed in the provided sources. However, given their potential for damage, gentle cleaning with a soft cloth and mild soap is generally advisable for most gemstones. Avoiding harsh chemicals and extreme temperatures is also recommended.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite – offer a captivating array of colors, histories, and symbolic meanings. From the ancient origins of turquoise to the recent discovery of tanzanite, each gem holds a unique place in the world of gemstones. Whether chosen for their aesthetic beauty, historical significance, or perceived metaphysical properties, these December birthstones provide a meaningful and beautiful connection to the month of their birth.