June boasts a unique distinction among the calendar months – it is graced with not one, but three recognized birthstones: moonstone, pearl, and alexandrite. Each gem carries its own distinct history, lore, and gemological properties, offering a diverse range of choices for those born in this vibrant month. While pearl has historically been the primary June birthstone, alexandrite and moonstone have gained prominence, particularly in modern interpretations. This article will explore the origins, characteristics, and significance of these three captivating gemstones.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months dates back to the Roman calendar and the Julian calendar in 46 BC. Initially, each zodiac sign aligned with a month, and a corresponding gemstone was assigned. Over time, this system evolved, leading to the modern birthstone lists. For June, pearl held the longest-standing association, steeped in ancient mythology and symbolism.
Pearls were highly valued in ancient cultures. The Middle East believed pearls were teardrops fallen from heaven, while the Chinese considered them to be solidified dragon brains. Even Christopher Columbus attributed their formation to dewdrops captured by mollusks. This enduring fascination reflects the pearl’s organic origin and unique luster.
Moonstone also possesses a rich history, deeply intertwined with lunar deities and mythology. Pliny the Elder, a Roman historian, named the stone “moonstone” due to its shimmering appearance, which he believed mirrored the phases of the moon. In Roman and Greek traditions, the gem was associated with lunar gods, and in Hindu mythology, it was thought to be formed from solidified moonbeams. It was considered a stone representing love, passion, and fertility, and was believed to bring good luck and inspire beautiful dreams. It was also known as ‘The Traveller’s Stone’ and used as a protective charm for nighttime journeys.
Alexandrite, the most recent addition to the June birthstone family, has a comparatively shorter history. Discovered in Russia in the 19th century, it was named in honor of the future Czar Alexander II. Unlike the pearl and moonstone, alexandrite lacks ancient meanings, but has come to be associated with heightened intuition and pleasure.
Geological Formation and Sources
Pearls are unique among gemstones as they are organic in origin, formed within oysters and mollusks. This process begins when a foreign body, such as a grain of sand or an inserted bead, enters the shell. The mollusk then coats the irritant with layers of nacre, creating the lustrous pearl. Today, most pearls are cultured in oyster farms, particularly in China, making them accessible to a wider audience.
Moonstone is a form of the mineral feldspar, exhibiting a pearl-like luster when light penetrates the stone. The mineral layers within moonstone reflect light, creating the characteristic shimmer. These gemstones are found in various colors, including milky white, gray, pink, orange, and even blue.
Alexandrite, a rare variety of the mineral chrysoberyl, is known for its remarkable color-changing properties. It is formed under specific geological conditions, making it significantly rarer than other gemstones. The sources for these gemstones vary. Pearls are sourced from oceans, lakes, and rivers globally, while moonstone is found in various locations, though specific sources are not detailed in the provided materials. Alexandrite was first discovered in Russia, but its sources are not further specified in the provided texts.
Gemological Properties
Each of the June birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties. Pearls, being organic, do not have a defined chemical formula or hardness on the Mohs scale in the same way as minerals. Their value is determined by their size, shape, luster, color, and surface quality.
Moonstone, chemically a feldspar, exhibits adularescence – a shimmering effect caused by light scattering within the stone. The most valued moonstones display a blue sheen against a white background. The material often appears milky white or gray with a silvery glow, resembling the moon’s radiance.
Alexandrite is prized for its pleochroism, the ability to display different colors depending on the light source. Under normal circumstances, it appears yellow-green to greenish-blue, but under polarized light, it transforms into a range of colors, including red, dark purple, or orange. This color-changing property is due to the presence of chromium within the crystal structure. Alexandrite is a transparent form of chrysoberyl.
The following table summarizes the key properties:
| Gemstone | Composition | Notable Property | Color |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pearl | Organic (calcium carbonate) | Luster, Nacre | White, cream, grey, lavender, champagne, golden yellow, blue mauve black and green |
| Moonstone | Feldspar | Adularescence (shimmer) | Milky white, gray, pink, orange, blue |
| Alexandrite | Chrysoberyl | Color Change (pleochroism) | Green (daylight), purple-red (incandescent light) |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these gemstones has been imbued with symbolic meaning. Pearls have long been associated with purity, innocence, and wisdom. They represent tears and are often linked to emotions and sensitivity.
Moonstone is believed to connect to the spirit, helping individuals listen to their intuition and higher selves. It is considered a stone of prophecy, wisdom, and spiritual growth. It is also associated with love, passion, and fertility. Some cultures used it as a remedy for insomnia and sleepwalking.
Alexandrite, while lacking ancient symbolism, is often associated with heightened intuition and pleasure. Its color-changing nature is sometimes likened to the complexities of love, presenting different facets depending on the perspective.
Care and Cleaning
The care required for each gemstone varies based on its properties. Pearls, being organic, are relatively soft and require gentle handling. They should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and abrasive materials.
Moonstone, while more durable than pearls, is still susceptible to scratches and damage. It should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight, which can fade its color.
Alexandrite, being a relatively hard gemstone, is more durable. It can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush. However, avoid sudden temperature changes, which can cause it to fracture.
Zodiac Sign Association
The provided sources indicate that June is associated with the zodiac signs of Gemini (May 22 – June 21) and Cancer (June 22 – July 22). The zodiac and Gregorian calendars overlap, meaning individuals born on or around the 22nd of June may have different birthstones depending on whether they follow the calendar month or zodiac sign. Each zodiac sign is ruled by a planet, which corresponds to a gemstone based on its colors and energies.
Conclusion
The three birthstones of June – pearl, moonstone, and alexandrite – represent a captivating blend of history, lore, and gemological beauty. From the ancient myths surrounding pearls to the lunar mystique of moonstone and the color-changing wonder of alexandrite, each gemstone offers a unique and meaningful connection to those born in this special month. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, symbolic significance, or astrological alignment, these June birthstones continue to enchant and inspire.