Ruby, the vibrant red birthstone for July, consistently ranks among the most valuable and coveted gemstones in the world. Revered for its rich color, exceptional hardness, and historical significance, ruby has captivated civilizations for millennia. This article delves into the geological origins, historical lore, gemological properties, and symbolism associated with this “king of gems,” drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
Ruby’s history is steeped in legend and symbolism. Sources indicate its value has been recognized for centuries, with the finest rubies historically rivaling the worth of diamonds, emeralds, and sapphires. The name “ruby” itself is derived from the Latin ruber, meaning red, a direct reference to its defining characteristic.
The gemstone’s association with passion, protection, and vitality is deeply rooted in ancient beliefs. The vibrant red hue was often linked to blood, life, and courage. Rubies were believed to bestow strength and ward off evil, making them prized possessions of warriors and royalty.
One particularly compelling historical anecdote relates to the discovery of alexandrite in the Ural Mountains of Russia in 1830. The discovery coincided with the birthday of Czar Alexander II, leading to the gemstone’s naming in his honor. Furthermore, the ruby’s red and green hues resonated with Russia’s military colors, solidifying its status as the national stone of Russia. While this story pertains to alexandrite, it highlights the historical practice of associating gemstones with significant figures and national identities, a tradition ruby itself has benefited from.
Geological Formation and Sources
Rubies belong to the corundum family, a crystalline mineral composed of aluminum oxide. Their characteristic red color arises from the presence of chromium within the crystal structure. The intensity and shade of red can vary depending on the amount of chromium present, ranging from a dark orange-red to a purplish-red. To be classified as a ruby, the gemstone’s dominant color must be red; otherwise, it is considered a sapphire (of reddish-orange or reddish-purple hues).
Sources do not detail specific geological formation processes beyond stating rubies are members of the corundum family. However, they do indicate that fine rubies are typically transparent with minimal inclusions that do not affect their clarity.
Gemological Properties
Ruby is renowned for its exceptional hardness, second only to diamond among naturally occurring gemstones. This durability makes it an ideal choice for jewelry intended for everyday wear.
The following table summarizes key gemological properties, based on available information:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Corundum (Aluminum Oxide) |
| Color | Red (varying shades) |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 9 (second only to diamond) |
| Luster | Adamantine (brilliant) |
| Transparency | Typically transparent |
| Chemical Formula | Al₂O₃ |
The value of a ruby is significantly influenced by its color, clarity, and carat weight. Transparent rubies with minimal inclusions command the highest prices.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, ruby has been imbued with a wealth of symbolic meaning. It is widely regarded as a symbol of passion, love, vitality, energy, courage, and protection. These associations stem from its vibrant red color, which has long been linked to the life force and the power of the heart.
The gemstone is believed to inspire feelings of love and devotion, making it a popular choice for engagement rings and other romantic jewelry. Its association with courage and vitality makes it a fitting gift for those embarking on new endeavors or facing challenges.
Market Value and Ranking
According to available sources, ruby consistently ranks among the most expensive birthstones. It currently holds the position of the second most expensive birthstone, with prices ranging from $3,000 to $12,000 per carat. This valuation places it closely behind diamond, which remains the most valuable birthstone.
The ranking of birthstones by value, as presented in one source, is as follows:
- Diamond ($3000-$11000)
- Ruby ($3000-$10000)
- Emerald ($3000-$7000)
- Sapphire ($1000-$3500)
- Alexandrite ($2500-$3000)
- Aquamarine ($800-$1000)
- Peridot ($400-$650)
- Garnet ($500-$600)
- Blue Topaz ($100-$400)
- Tourmaline ($100-$400)
- Amethyst ($50-$90)
- Citrine ($10-$50)
It is important to note that these prices are estimates and can fluctuate based on market conditions and the specific characteristics of each gemstone.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its exceptional hardness, ruby is a relatively durable gemstone. However, it is still susceptible to damage from harsh impacts or abrasive materials. To maintain its brilliance, ruby jewelry should be cleaned regularly with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners, as they may damage the stone.
Conclusion
Ruby stands as a testament to the enduring allure of colored gemstones. Its captivating red hue, exceptional hardness, and rich historical symbolism have cemented its place as one of the most prized and valuable birthstones. From ancient warriors seeking protection to modern lovers expressing their devotion, ruby continues to inspire and enchant, embodying passion, vitality, and enduring beauty.