December boasts a remarkable array of birthstones – Blue Topaz, Blue Zircon, Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Lapis Lazuli – offering a diverse selection of color, history, and meaning for those born in the final month of the year. This abundance provides a unique opportunity for individuals to select a gem that resonates with their personal preferences and beliefs. These stones, steeped in tradition and geological wonder, have captivated cultures for centuries and continue to be prized for their beauty and perceived metaphysical properties.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month dates back to ancient times, though the specific assignments have evolved. Turquoise and zircon have historically been recognized as primary December birthstones, representing the cool tones of the winter season. These gems were valued in ancient civilizations for their aesthetic appeal and believed powers. The practice of wearing birthstones wasn’t a recent fashion trend, but rather a custom rooted in medieval times. Lapis Lazuli, with its deep azure tones, was associated with wisdom and royalty, considered a stone of truth and enlightenment. Turquoise, revered across various cultures, was often seen as a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune.
More recently, in 2002, the Jewelers of America added Blue Topaz and Tanzanite to the list of December birthstones, expanding the choices available. This addition reflects a desire to offer a wider range of options in terms of color, price, and personal significance. The inclusion of multiple stones allows individuals to find a gem that truly speaks to them.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these December birthstones are geographically diverse. Turquoise, a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, is mined in the United States, Mexico, Iran, Chile, China, and Tibet. Historically, the most valuable turquoise originated from Iran (Persia), but specimens from the southwestern United States, particularly Arizona, California, and Nevada, now compete in quality.
Blue Topaz, a silicate mineral containing aluminum and fluorine, is found in Brazil, Afghanistan, Australia, Myanmar (Burma), China, Germany, Japan, Madagascar, Mexico, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Russia, Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka, Ukraine, and the USA. Notably, natural light-blue topaz is found in Northern Ireland and the UK.
Tanzanite, a relatively recent discovery, is exceptionally rare, found in only one area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. This limited source contributes to its high value and desirability. Zircon, one of the oldest minerals on Earth, is found in a variety of locations, though specific mining regions are not detailed in the provided sources. Lapis Lazuli’s origins are not specified in the provided sources.
Gemological Properties
The December birthstones exhibit a range of gemological properties, contributing to their unique characteristics and appeal. Blue Topaz possesses a glass-like shine but is relatively delicate and brittle, exhibiting extremely fine cleavage. While the sources do not provide specific details on hardness or refractive index, they highlight its glitter and beauty.
Blue Zircon is celebrated for its brilliant fire and rainbow of colors, indicating a high degree of dispersion. It is valued for its clarity and color range. Tanzanite is prized for its unique blue to violet color, a result of its chemical composition and pleochroism (displaying different colors when viewed from different angles).
Turquoise, often dyed and stabilized with resins to enhance its durability and color, is a softer stone. The sources do not provide specific details on the hardness of Turquoise, Tanzanite, or Lapis Lazuli.
Here's a table summarizing key properties where available:
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Notable Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Blue Topaz | Aluminum and Fluorine Silicate | Glass-like shine, fine cleavage, glitter |
| Blue Zircon | (Not specified) | Brilliant fire, rainbow of colors, clarity |
| Tanzanite | (Not specified) | Unique blue to violet color, pleochroism |
| Turquoise | Hydrated Phosphate of Copper & Aluminum | Often dyed & stabilized, color vibrancy |
| Lapis Lazuli | (Not specified) | Deep azure tones |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning. Turquoise is often associated with protection and good fortune, while Lapis Lazuli represents wisdom and royalty. Blue Topaz is linked to serenity and calmness. Zircon, as one of the oldest minerals, carries significant historical and geological value. Tanzanite, due to its rarity and unique color, is often seen as a stone of transformation and intuition. The sources suggest that December birthstones reflect the wearer’s personality and bring a variety of cultural significances.
The sources indicate that these stones were believed to enhance intellectual abilities and stimulate a quest for knowledge, instill a sense of inner calm, and foster creativity. These beliefs, while not scientifically proven, contribute to the enduring appeal of the gemstones.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources offer limited guidance on the care and cleaning of December birthstones. However, the mention of Blue Topaz’s delicate nature and Turquoise’s tendency to be dyed and stabilized suggests that these stones require careful handling. Following simple care instructions can ensure that these gemstones remain beautiful and vibrant for years to come. Specific cleaning methods for each stone are not detailed in the provided materials.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones—zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise—offer a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each unique for those born in this month. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. When choosing between these gemstones, December’s stones stand out with their vibrant colors and deep cultural roots, providing a distinct way to express individuality. Purchasing these gemstones requires careful research and consultation with experts to ensure quality and authenticity. Their unique traits demand thoughtful handling and care to maintain their beauty over time.