Individuals born on December 31st are uniquely positioned within the birthstone calendar, sharing a trio of gemstones – Turquoise, Zircon, and Tanzanite – each imbued with its own distinct history, symbolism, and allure. While Turquoise is most prominently associated with this date, Zircon and Tanzanite contribute to a rich and multifaceted legacy, reflecting the culmination of the year and the promise of renewal. This article will explore the origins, properties, and significance of these three December 31st birthstones, drawing upon historical accounts and cultural beliefs.
History and Lore
The tradition of assigning gemstones to specific dates and months has ancient roots, tracing back to biblical times and the Breastplate of Aaron. Over centuries, these associations evolved through trade, cultural exchange, and evolving scientific understanding. For December 31st, the selection of Turquoise, Zircon, and Tanzanite represents a convergence of traditions.
Turquoise boasts one of the longest histories of any birthstone, having been favored for millennia as an amulet and ornamental stone. Its name originates from the French “pierre turquoise,” meaning “Turkish stone,” a reference to the trade routes through which it reached Europe. Ancient civilizations, including the Egyptians, Persians, and Native Americans, deeply valued Turquoise for its perceived protective qualities and aesthetic appeal. Native Americans of the Southwest associated the gem with youth and strength, sometimes combining it with gold to symbolize vitality and longevity. Tibetans considered Turquoise a stone of fortune, health, and success, even utilizing it as a form of currency. Ancient Incas and Mayas offered Turquoise as gifts to their gods. It was believed to warn its wearer of approaching illness or danger by becoming pale.
Zircon’s history is equally compelling, with the name itself derived from Arabic, meaning “jewel,” and Sanskrit, calling it ‘rahuratna’ or tone of the Nodes of the Moon. Historically, Zircon was believed to counteract evil spirits and was even used as an amulet against the Black Death in Europe. Physicians in the Middle Ages wore Zircon on their left fingers, believing it aided in accurate diagnoses. In India, the gem was thought to be more potent when set in gold.
Tanzanite, in contrast, is a relatively recent discovery in the world of gemstones, gaining prominence in the modern era. Its association with December 31st reflects its growing popularity and recognition as a significant gemstone. Anne Hathaway, Cate Blanchett, and Sarah Jessica Parker have been photographed wearing Tanzanite jewelry, and it is reported that Jay Z gifted Beyonce a Tanzanite ring to celebrate the birth of their daughter, Blue Ivy.
Geological Formation and Sources
Turquoise is formed in relatively dry, arid regions, often in the vicinity of copper deposits. It is found in Persia (modern-day Iran) and along the Sinai Peninsula, with historical trade routes bringing it to European markets through Constantinople (Istanbul).
Zircon is found in a variety of geological settings and colors. Australia and South Africa currently produce approximately 70% of the world’s zircon gemstones, but it is also sourced from Sri Lanka and India. Colorless zircon, known as jargoon, is particularly reminiscent of diamond, though it is softer. Zircon from Sri Lanka has even been referred to as ‘Maturan Diamond’ due to its diamond-like appearance.
Tanzanite is sourced from a very limited geographical area: the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania. This singular origin contributes to its rarity and value.
Gemological Properties
While each gemstone possesses unique characteristics, all three share qualities that contribute to their desirability.
Turquoise’s color ranges from greenish-sky blue to a more vibrant blue, depending on the presence of copper and iron. It is relatively easy to cut and engrave, making it suitable for intricate designs and inscriptions.
Zircon exhibits a wide spectrum of colors, including colorless (jargoon), orange-red (jacinth or hyacinth), and various shades of brown and yellow. Colorless zircon closely resembles diamond in its radiance, though it is significantly softer.
Tanzanite is known for its trichroism, displaying different colors – blue, violet, and burgundy – depending on the viewing angle. This unique optical property adds to its allure.
A comparative overview of hardness, based on the Mohs scale, is presented below:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Turquoise | 5-6 |
| Zircon | 6.5-7.5 |
| Tanzanite | 6-7 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these gemstones has been attributed with specific meanings and powers.
Turquoise is widely regarded as a protective stone, believed to safeguard the wearer from negative energies and bring good fortune. It is also associated with healing, spiritual well-being, and fostering a sense of calm and balance. It was prized by lovers and married couples as a gemstone protecting their relationships and was thought to preserve friendship if presented as a gift.
Zircon has been historically linked to wisdom, strength, and protection from evil spirits. Ancient Hebrews believed it was a gem of wisdom, associated with Joseph the Wise. Some traditions even suggest that King Solomon possessed a sapphire (often confused with zircon in ancient times) set in a ring.
Tanzanite, while newer to the realm of symbolism, is often associated with transformation, intuition, and spiritual growth. Its vibrant color is believed to inspire creativity and enhance psychic abilities.
Care and Cleaning
Due to their varying hardness levels, each gemstone requires specific care to maintain its beauty.
Turquoise, with a Mohs hardness of 5-6, is relatively soft and susceptible to scratches. It should be stored separately from harder gemstones and cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soapy water. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners.
Zircon, with a hardness of 6.5-7.5, is more durable than Turquoise but still requires careful handling. It can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush.
Tanzanite, with a hardness of 6-7, is also relatively delicate and should be protected from scratches and impacts. Cleaning should be done with warm soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight, as it can fade the color.
Conclusion
The December 31st birthstones – Turquoise, Zircon, and Tanzanite – represent a compelling blend of history, symbolism, and geological wonder. From the ancient protective powers attributed to Turquoise and Zircon to the modern allure of Tanzanite, these gemstones offer a unique and meaningful connection to the culmination of the year and the promise of new beginnings. Those born on December 31st carry with them not just a piece of jewelry, but a tangible link to a profound legacy of strength, unity, and eternal beauty.