Peridot, the captivating green birthstone for August, boasts a history stretching back millennia, valued for its beauty and believed protective powers. This gem, known as “faridat” – meaning gem – in Arabic, has adorned royalty, priests, and modern jewelry enthusiasts alike. While found in various locations globally, peridot sourced from Arizona holds a unique significance, deeply intertwined with the region’s natural landscape and the cultural heritage of the San Carlos Apache Tribe. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and modern applications of this vibrant gemstone.
History and Lore
The story of peridot is one of ancient appreciation. As early as the second century BCE, peridot was featured in the jewelry of priests, and later graced the chalices and churches of medieval Europe. Throughout history, it was considered a protective talisman, believed to ward off evil spirits and “terrors of the night.” Beyond its protective qualities, peridot was also thought to promote friendship, dispel resentment, and enhance eloquence.
The gem’s historical sources are particularly noteworthy. The Egyptian island of Zabargad, historically known as Topazios, Island of Death, and Ophiodes (“snake island”), was a primary source of peridot, with mining potentially beginning as early as 340–279 BCE. Despite the challenging mining conditions, peridot from Zabargad was highly prized and remains a sought-after specimen for museums and collectors. Today, peridot is also sourced from China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Tanzania, Vietnam, and the United States.
Peridot also holds a place in modern traditions, serving as the traditional gift for a 16th wedding anniversary.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is formed deep within the Earth’s mantle and brought to the surface through volcanic activity. It is a gem variety of the mineral olivine. While some peridot reaches Earth via volcanic eruptions, a fascinating aspect of its origin involves extraterrestrial delivery – some peridot has been discovered on meteorites.
Currently, significant sources of peridot include China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Tanzania, Vietnam, and the United States. However, Arizona peridot is particularly special. Found exclusively in the rugged terrain of the Peridot Mesa, these gemstones are hand-mined by the San Carlos Apache Tribe. This connection to the land and the tribe imbues Arizona peridot with a unique cultural significance, making each gem not only rare but also deeply meaningful. Purchasing Arizona peridot supports local artisans and Native American communities.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is a relatively soft gemstone, scoring 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs hardness scale. This means it is susceptible to scratches and requires careful handling. The chemical composition of peridot is (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄, indicating it is a magnesium-iron silicate. The vibrant green color of peridot is due to the presence of iron.
Gemstones are often evaluated based on the “Four Cs”: color, clarity, cut, and carat. Peridot’s color ranges from olive green to a more vibrant yellowish-green, with the most desirable shades exhibiting a strong, saturated green hue. Clarity generally ranges from transparent to translucent. Peridot is typically cut into various shapes, including oval, cushion, and emerald cuts, to maximize brilliance. Carat weight varies, influencing the gem’s value.
The following table summarizes key gemological properties:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 |
| Color | Olive green to yellowish-green |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
| Specific Gravity | 3.34 – 3.48 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Ancient cultures believed it possessed protective powers, shielding the wearer from negative energies. It was also associated with promoting friendship, dispelling resentment, and enhancing communication skills.
Modern interpretations continue to emphasize peridot’s positive attributes. It is often seen as a stone of renewal, symbolizing strength, protection, and growth. Its vibrant green color is associated with nature, vitality, and abundance. Wearing an Arizona peridot ring, in particular, connects the wearer to the natural beauty and cultural heritage of the Southwest.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its relatively lower hardness, peridot requires careful handling and cleaning. It is susceptible to scratches from harder materials, so it should be stored separately from diamonds and other abrasive gemstones. Cleaning peridot jewelry can be done with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and steam cleaners, as these can damage the gemstone. Regular cleaning will help maintain peridot’s brilliance and vibrancy.
Modern Applications and Market
Today, peridot is widely used in jewelry, including necklaces, earrings, rings, and brooches. Arizona peridot, in particular, is gaining popularity due to its unique origin and ethical sourcing. Jewelers offer a range of styles, from classic and understated designs to bold and contemporary pieces. Custom jewelry design is also a popular option, allowing individuals to create unique peridot rings tailored to their personal preferences.
Arizona peridot rings are available in various metals, including 14k white gold, yellow gold, rose gold, and platinum, often accented with diamonds, white sapphires, or Arizona amethyst. The availability of custom options allows for personalized touches, such as engravings, further enhancing the sentimental value of the piece.
Peridot is a versatile gemstone suitable for both everyday wear and elegant formal occasions. Its vibrant green hue complements a wide range of skin tones and outfits.
Conclusion
Peridot, the August birthstone, is a gem steeped in history, symbolism, and geological intrigue. From its ancient origins in Egypt to its modern-day sourcing in Arizona, peridot has captivated people for centuries with its vibrant green color and believed protective powers. The unique connection of Arizona peridot to the San Carlos Apache Tribe adds a layer of cultural significance, making it a truly special and meaningful gemstone. Whether admired for its beauty, cherished for its symbolism, or valued for its geological origins, peridot remains a timeless treasure.