December boasts not one, but three recognized birthstones: turquoise, tanzanite, and zircon. This article will focus on the two most prominently featured in the provided sources – turquoise and tanzanite – exploring their histories, geological origins, gemological properties, and cultural significance. Both stones offer a captivating spectrum of blue hues, yet their origins and associated lore differ significantly, providing December-born individuals with a diverse range of choices.
History and Lore
Turquoise has a remarkably long and rich history, stretching back millennia. Evidence suggests its use dates back over 3,000 years in ancient China, where artisans skillfully carved the gem. In ancient Egypt, turquoise adorned the funerary mask of King Tut, demonstrating its importance to rulers and nobility. The stone held deep spiritual meaning for various Native American tribes. The Apache believed turquoise could be located by following a rainbow to its end and that incorporating it into weaponry enhanced accuracy. The Pueblo people associated its color with the sky, while the Hopi attributed its formation to lizards traversing the earth.
Beyond its practical and aesthetic uses, turquoise was imbued with protective qualities. From the 13th century onward, it was believed to safeguard wearers from falls, particularly while riding horses, and to fracture as a warning of impending disaster. In Hindu tradition, viewing turquoise after a new moon was thought to bring immense wealth. Even in European cultures, a turquoise ring symbolized enduring affection, conveying the message “forget me not.” Tibetan culture reveres turquoise as a national treasure, believing it bestows health, good fortune, and protection against evil.
Tanzanite, in contrast, is a relatively recent discovery. While not detailed in the provided sources, it is a modern birthstone addition, gaining prominence in the 20th century. The sources highlight its symbolism of transformation, intuition, and spiritual insight, making it a popular choice for those seeking personal growth and clarity.
Geological Formation and Sources
Turquoise is a semi-translucent to opaque gem, typically ranging in color from blue to green, often exhibiting distinctive veins of matrix – remnants of the host rock in which it formed. The sources specifically mention Iran as a significant historical source, with turquoise mined in the Nishapur district for over 1,000 years. The intensely blue turquoise from this region is highly prized and known by terms like “robin’s egg blue,” “sky blue,” and “Persian blue,” regardless of its actual origin. The provided materials do not detail other significant turquoise mining locations.
Tanzanite, as described in the sources, is a more localized gem. Its origins are not detailed, but the provided materials do not mention any specific mining locations.
Gemological Properties
Turquoise
The provided sources do not offer a comprehensive list of turquoise’s gemological properties. However, they do indicate it is a semi-translucent to opaque gem with a color range of blue to green, often containing matrix inclusions. The sources do not provide information on its chemical composition, hardness, or refractive index.
Tanzanite
The sources state that tanzanite ranges from 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale of hardness. It is noted that most tanzanite begins as brownish zoisite and undergoes heat treatment to achieve its characteristic blue to violet hues, a process that permanently alters the color without compromising durability. Tanzanite can be susceptible to cracking if exposed to extreme temperatures or rapid temperature changes and is vulnerable to attack by hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids. The sources do not provide information on its chemical composition or refractive index.
Here's a table summarizing the limited gemological data available from the sources:
| Property | Turquoise | Tanzanite |
|---|---|---|
| Transparency | Semi-translucent to Opaque | Not specified |
| Color | Blue to Green | Blue to Violet |
| Mohs Hardness | Not specified | 6 - 7 |
| Treatment | Not specified | Heat Treatment |
| Stability to Heat | Not specified | Susceptible to cracking with rapid changes |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Turquoise is deeply associated with protection and healing. It is believed to safeguard against negative energy and promote overall well-being. The stone is also thought to enhance communication, fostering confidence and clarity in self-expression. Furthermore, turquoise is linked to emotional balance and serenity, helping to calm the mind and alleviate stress.
Tanzanite, while a more recent addition to the birthstone family, is associated with transformation, intuition, and spiritual insight. The sources do not elaborate on specific metaphysical beliefs beyond these core concepts.
Care and Cleaning
The sources offer specific guidance on caring for both gemstones. Turquoise jewelry should be gently wiped with a damp cloth and/or polishing cloth before being stored in a microsuede pouch to protect it from tarnishing and damage. Jewelry should be completely dry before storage.
Tanzanite requires a different approach. Warm, soapy water is the recommended cleaning method. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners are strongly discouraged. While relatively resistant to everyday wear and tear, tanzanite can crack with exposure to high temperatures or sudden temperature fluctuations. It is best suited for settings in earrings or pendants, rather than rings subjected to frequent impact.
Market Value and Modern Usage
The provided sources do not contain information regarding the market value of either turquoise or tanzanite. However, they do indicate both stones are used in contemporary jewelry, particularly in necklaces. The Ivylaine Jewellery and Hannah May sources specifically showcase birthstone necklaces featuring tanzanite and turquoise, respectively. The emphasis on quality materials – 925 sterling silver, 14k gold vermeil, and rhodium plating – suggests a focus on durable and aesthetically pleasing designs. The inclusion of moissanite accents in some designs adds further sparkle and brilliance.
Conclusion
Both turquoise and tanzanite offer unique qualities as December birthstones. Turquoise, with its ancient history and association with protection and healing, provides a connection to the past and a sense of grounding. Tanzanite, a more modern discovery, embodies transformation and spiritual insight, appealing to those seeking personal growth. While the provided sources offer a limited glimpse into the gemological properties of these stones, they clearly demonstrate their enduring appeal and cultural significance. The choice between these two December birthstones ultimately depends on individual preferences and the desired symbolism.