Ruby, the vibrant red gemstone, holds a prominent place in the world of colored stones, serving as the birthstone for July. Revered for centuries for its intense color and enduring beauty, the ruby has long been associated with passion, love, and protection. From ancient mariners to modern jewelry enthusiasts, this “king of gems,” as it is often called, continues to captivate and inspire. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of this remarkable gemstone, drawing upon established gemological knowledge and historical accounts.
History and Lore
The history of ruby is deeply intertwined with human culture and belief. Ancient cultures attributed protective powers to rubies, with some believing they could safeguard their owners from harm. In some traditions, rubies were buried beneath the foundations of buildings to ensure good fortune and safety. Ancient mariners, according to historical accounts, used aquamarine as a talisman for safe travels on stormy seas, demonstrating the long-held belief in the gemstone’s protective qualities.
The association of specific gemstones with months of the year, and thus as birthstones, evolved over time. The practice originates in biblical times, with the twelve gemstones on the breastplate of Aaron corresponding to the twelve tribes of Israel. Later, connections were made between these gems and the signs of the zodiac, with the idea that wearing a stone during its corresponding astrological period offered special powers. While people initially collected all twelve gems to wear throughout the year, the modern practice of associating one gem with each birth month emerged between the 16th and 18th centuries. The official list of birthstones was published in 1912 by the American Gem Society, with subsequent additions in 1952 and 2002, including the spinel in 2016.
Geological Formation and Sources
Rubies belong to the corundum mineral family, a crystalline form of aluminum oxide. Their characteristic red color is a result of the presence of chromium within the crystal structure. The intensity of the red hue, often referred to as "pigeon's blood" when it is a vivid, pure red, significantly impacts the gem’s value.
Myanmar’s Mogok region is particularly renowned for producing some of the finest rubies in the world. While the provided sources do not detail other significant historical sources, the gem is also found in other locations.
Gemological Properties
Rubies possess a unique combination of properties that contribute to their desirability. The Gemological Institute of America (GIA) notes that rubies form large crystals suitable for sizable fashioned gems and carvings.
Here's a summary of key gemological properties:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Corundum (Aluminum Oxide) |
| Color | Red, with varying shades and hues |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 9 |
| Cause of Color | Chromium |
| Crystal System | Trigonal |
With a hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, rubies are exceptionally durable, making them suitable for everyday wear. However, they still require careful handling to avoid damage from sharp impacts. Rubies can also exhibit secondary hues, such as purple, which can affect their overall value.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, rubies have been imbued with rich symbolism. They are widely associated with passion, love, and vitality. The vibrant red color naturally lends itself to these interpretations, representing the fire of emotion and the energy of life. Beyond these core associations, rubies have also been linked to protection, prosperity, and good fortune.
Ancestral beliefs and popular culture suggest that wearing a birthstone can bring blessings, health, and love. During the Middle Ages, it was believed that a gem’s strength increased during its corresponding month, further reinforcing the practice of wearing specific stones at certain times of the year.
Care and Cleaning
Due to their exceptional hardness, rubies are relatively durable gemstones. However, they are not impervious to damage. The sources indicate that rubies require care to avoid cleavage under impact. To maintain a ruby’s brilliance, it should be cleaned regularly with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, as these can potentially damage the stone. It is also advisable to store rubies separately from other jewelry to prevent scratches.
Styling Options
Rubies offer versatility in jewelry design. Their rich, bold color makes them perfect for standout pieces like cocktail rings or statement necklaces. Pairing ruby jewelry with black or gold can create a striking, dramatic look. For a more subtle touch, delicate ruby earrings can add a hint of everyday luxury. Aquamarine’s soft blue shade, in contrast, pairs perfectly with both casual and formal wear, working well in delicate rings and drop earrings, particularly when set in white gold or platinum. It also complements pastel-colored outfits, adding a fresh, ethereal vibe.
Other Birthstones and Gemstone Variety
While ruby is the primary birthstone for July, other gemstones are associated with different months. June boasts three birthstones: pearl, moonstone, and alexandrite. Pearls represent purity and knowledge, alexandrite symbolizes creativity and joy, and moonstone embodies intuition and emotional harmony. November is represented by topaz and citrine, both known for their calming energies and association with fortune and warmth. Topaz comes in a rainbow of colors, while citrine is prized for its yellow and orange hues.
The world of gemstones is diverse, with each stone possessing unique characteristics and significance. Topaz, for example, is known for its wide color range and pleochroism, meaning it can display different colors depending on the viewing angle. Citrine, a golden-yellow quartz, symbolizes prosperity and success. Pearls, both natural and cultured, are beloved for their variety of colors beyond the traditional white and cream. Alexandrite is famed for its dramatic color shift from green in daylight to red under artificial light.
Conclusion
Ruby remains a highly sought-after gemstone, celebrated for its beauty, durability, and rich symbolism. From its historical roots as a talisman for protection to its modern status as a symbol of passion and love, the ruby continues to hold a special place in the hearts of gem enthusiasts and jewelry lovers alike. Its vibrant red hue, exceptional hardness, and enduring appeal ensure that the “king of gems” will continue to captivate for generations to come.