December is unique among the calendar months, boasting not one, but three recognized birthstones: tanzanite, blue topaz, and zircon. Each of these gemstones offers a distinct appeal, ranging from the exotic rarity of tanzanite to the calming hues of blue topaz and the fiery brilliance of zircon. These stones provide a diverse palette of color and symbolism for those born in the twelfth month of the year, reflecting the chill beauty of winter.
History and Lore
For many years, turquoise and zircon were considered the primary birthstones for December, both offering variations of blue that resonated with the season. However, the discovery of tanzanite in the 1960s added a new dimension to December’s birthstone selection. Zircon, in particular, holds a long history, being one of the oldest known gemstones and a favored diamond substitute during the Middle Ages. Its brilliance and fire were highly prized, especially the blue variety. Topaz, while available in many colors, gained prominence as a December birthstone in more modern lists, becoming a popular choice for its clear, sky-blue shades. The inclusion of multiple birthstones for December allows for a wider range of choices, catering to different tastes and budgets.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these December birthstones are geographically diverse. Tanzanite is exceptionally unique, found in only one area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. This limited source contributes to its rarity and value. Blue topaz is sourced globally, with significant deposits in Brazil, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Russia. Within the United States, Utah and Texas are known for their blue topaz mining. Zircon, a widespread mineral, is found in various locations around the world, though specific sourcing details beyond this are not provided.
Gemological Properties
Each of these gemstones possesses distinct gemological properties. Tanzanite, with a hardness of 6-7 on the Mohs scale, is a durable stone suitable for earrings and pendants, though it requires careful handling to avoid scratches. It displays captivating hues ranging from deep purple to violet and rich blue, with the most prized stones exhibiting vibrant blue tones.
Blue topaz, known for its hardness, can withstand some exposure but should still be handled with care. It typically presents in clear, sky-blue to deep London Blue shades. While naturally occurring blue topaz is rare, most of the blue stones available are created through heat treatment of colorless topaz.
Zircon is celebrated for its exceptional fire and brilliance, rivaling that of diamonds. It exhibits double refraction, splitting light into two beams and creating a unique sparkle. The blue zircon birthstone typically displays light to medium blue colors, sometimes with flashes of teal and seafoam. It is important to note that zircon is often confused with cubic zirconia, a synthetic diamond simulant, but zircon is a natural gemstone.
The following table summarizes key properties:
| Gemstone | Hardness (Mohs) | Color(s) | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tanzanite | 6-7 | Deep purple, violet, rich blue | Tanzania (near Mount Kilimanjaro) |
| Blue Topaz | Not Specified | Sky-blue, deep London Blue | Brazil, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Russia, USA |
| Blue Zircon | Not Specified | Light to medium blue, teal, seafoam | Globally |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolism associated with these December birthstones varies. Blue topaz symbolizes honesty, openness, and communication, and is said to encourage inner peace and truth. Historically, topaz was associated with strength and protection. Blue zircon is linked to clarity and is valued for its historical and geological significance as one of the oldest minerals on Earth. Tanzanite, being a relatively recent discovery, has not accumulated the same depth of traditional symbolism, but its rarity and unique color contribute to its desirability and perceived value.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of these December birthstones. Zircon should be cleaned gently with mild soap and a soft brush, avoiding direct sunlight and harsh chemicals to preserve its color and brilliance. Topaz, due to its hardness, can withstand some exposure but should still be handled carefully and cleaned with lukewarm water and a soft brush, ensuring thorough drying. Tanzanite requires particularly gentle cleaning, avoiding ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals; a soft brush and gentle soap are recommended. Turquoise, often found in vintage jewelry, is softer and requires careful handling to prevent scratches and damage, and should be stored separately.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – tanzanite, blue topaz, and zircon – offer a rich tapestry of history, symbolism, and geological origins. From the exotic rarity of tanzanite discovered near Mount Kilimanjaro to the calming blue hues of topaz and the fiery brilliance of zircon, these gemstones provide a diverse and meaningful selection for those born in December. Careful consideration of their unique properties and appropriate care will ensure these beautiful stones remain vibrant and cherished for years to come.