Tanzanite is a captivating gemstone, recognized as a December birthstone alongside turquoise and blue zircon. Celebrated for its striking blue-violet hues, tanzanite symbolizes transformation, intuition, and spiritual insight. This article delves into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and care of this relatively recent addition to the world of gemstones, offering insights for enthusiasts, buyers, and students of gemology.
History and Lore
While turquoise boasts a history spanning millennia, and zircon has been known for centuries, tanzanite is a modern discovery. It was officially added to the birthstone list in 1952, making it the newest of the December birthstones. Its name originates from Tanzania, the only place on Earth where it is found. The gemstone’s discovery occurred in the Merelani Hills, near Mount Kilimanjaro, in Tanzania.
The stone’s relatively recent introduction to the market has not diminished its appeal. It is considered a rare treasure, and gifting tanzanite jewelry is seen as offering a unique and precious token. The stone’s association with December, a month often overshadowed by the holiday season, adds to its significance as a thoughtful and personalized gift.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite’s unique origin contributes significantly to its rarity. It is found in a small area near Mount Kilimanjaro in northern Tanzania. The gemstone is a variety of the mineral zoisite. The geological processes that led to its formation are complex and specific to this region, making it unlikely to be discovered elsewhere.
Most tanzanite found today undergoes a heat treatment process. This treatment minimizes natural brown colors present in the rough stone and enhances the desirable blue shades, bringing them closer in appearance to sapphire. This heat treatment is considered a standard practice and does not compromise the stone’s durability.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite exhibits a range of exquisite blue-purple colors. It typically ranges from 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale of hardness, indicating moderate resistance to scratching. While not as hard as diamonds or sapphires, it is reasonably durable for use in jewelry. However, it is more prone to scratching than harder gemstones and is best suited for earrings and pendants. It is not generally recommended for daily wear in rings without a protective mounting.
Exposure to very high temperatures or sudden temperature changes can cause tanzanite to crack. It is also susceptible to attack by hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids.
The gemstone’s chemical composition is based on the mineral zoisite. Natural tanzanite often begins as brownish zoisite, and the heat treatment process permanently alters the color, with no additional durability concerns arising from this process.
Here's a summary of Tanzanite's key properties:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Zoisite |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6 - 7 |
| Color | Blue to violet, often with purple hues |
| Origin | Tanzania (Merelani Hills near Kilimanjaro) |
| Treatment | Commonly heat-treated to enhance color |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Tanzanite is associated with several symbolic meanings. It represents the heart, intellect, intuition, and purity. These attributes make it a meaningful gift for those seeking personal growth, spiritual insight, or a deeper connection with their inner selves.
Compared to the long-established symbolism of turquoise – representing loyalty, love, health, good fortune, and peace – tanzanite’s metaphysical associations are relatively newer, reflecting its recent discovery and integration into cultural beliefs.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of tanzanite jewelry. Warm, soapy water is the recommended cleaning method. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners should never be used, as they can damage the stone. Due to its moderate hardness, tanzanite is susceptible to scratches and should be stored carefully to avoid contact with harder materials. While it is resistant to the effects of normal heat, light, and common chemicals, it is best to avoid exposing it to extreme temperatures or harsh chemicals.
December Birthstone Options
December offers a unique choice of three birthstones: turquoise, blue zircon, and tanzanite. Turquoise, the most commonly known, has a rich history dating back thousands of years, cherished by ancient civilizations like the Egyptians and Chinese. Blue zircon, while less familiar, offers a deep blue color achieved through heat treatment. Tanzanite, the newest addition, provides a captivating violet-blue hue and a modern connection to the birthstone tradition.
Tanzanite Jewelry Options
A variety of jewelry options featuring tanzanite are available. Pendant necklaces are a popular choice, showcasing the stone’s color and brilliance. Earrings are also well-suited for tanzanite, minimizing the risk of scratching. Tanzanite and diamond combinations are particularly striking, with the diamond enhancing the tanzanite’s sparkle. For men, while less common, tanzanite can be incorporated into sophisticated jewelry pieces.
Conclusion
Tanzanite stands as a remarkable gemstone, distinguished by its rarity, captivating color, and relatively recent discovery. As a December birthstone, it offers a unique and meaningful alternative to turquoise and blue zircon. Its association with transformation, intuition, and spiritual insight, combined with its stunning appearance, makes it a cherished gemstone for those born in December and a captivating addition to any jewelry collection. Its specific geological origin and the need for careful handling underscore its precious nature and the importance of preserving its beauty for generations to come.